tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26070740228895828472024-03-05T23:17:40.318-05:00Stubbs & moreUnknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger24125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2607074022889582847.post-57446064763616958082012-02-21T17:03:00.000-05:002012-02-21T17:04:15.872-05:00War Chart<div style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;"><big>WAR CHART </big><br /></div> <table style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr> <td style="width:110.7pt;border:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">French-Spanish<br /> 1565-1567<br /> Florida</span> </p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border:solid windowtext .5pt; border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">American Revolution<br /> 1775-1784<br /> USA </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border:solid windowtext .5pt; border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Texan<br /> 1835-1836<br /> Texas </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border:solid windowtext .5pt; border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">War of Rebellion, Civil War<br /> 1861-1865<br /> General </span></p></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:110.7pt;border:solid windowtext .5pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">English-French<br /> 1613-1629<br /> Canada </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Wyoming Valley<br /> 1782-1787<br /> Pennsylvania </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Indian Stream<br /> 1835-1836<br /> New Hampshire </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Cheyenne<br /> 1861-1864<br /> Local </span></p></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:110.7pt;border:solid windowtext .5pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Anglo-French<br /> 1629<br /> St. Lawrence River </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Shay's Rebellion<br /> 12/1786-1/1787<br /> Massachusetts </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Creek Indian<br /> 1836-1837<br /> Georgia & Alabama </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Sioux<br /> 1862-1863<br /> Minnesota </span></p></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:110.7pt;border:solid windowtext .5pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Pequot War<br /> 1636-1637<br /> New England </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Whiskey Insurrection<br /> 1794<br /> Pennsylvania </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Florida Seminole<br /> 1835-1842<br /> Florida, Georgia, Alabama </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Indian Campaign<br /> 1865-1868<br /> Oregon, Idaho, California </span></p></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:110.7pt;border:solid windowtext .5pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">???<br /> 1640-1645<br /> New Netherland </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Northwestern Indian<br /> 1790-1795<br /> Ohio </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Sabine/Southwestern Indian<br /> 1836-1837<br /> Louisiana </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Fenian Invasion of Canada<br /> 1866<br /> From New England </span></p></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:110.7pt;border:solid windowtext .5pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Iroquois<br /> 1642-1653<br /> New England; Acadia </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">War with France<br /> 1798-1800<br /> Naval </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Cherokee<br /> 1836-1838 </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Indian Campaign<br /> 1867-1869<br /> KC, Co & Indian Territory </span></p></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:110.7pt;border:solid windowtext .5pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Anglo-Dutch<br /> July 1653<br /> New Netherland </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">War with Tripoli (Naval)<br /> 1801-1805<br /> North Coast Africa </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Heatherly Distrubance<br /> 1836<br /> Rhode Island </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Modac Indian<br /> 1872-1873<br /> Oregon </span></p></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:110.7pt;border:solid windowtext .5pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Bacon's Rebellion<br /> 1675-1676<br /> Virginia </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Burr's Insurrection<br /> 1806-1807<br /> South Mississippi Valley </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Mormon<br /> 1838<br /> Missouri </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Apaches<br /> 1873<br /> Arizona </span></p></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:110.7pt;border:solid windowtext .5pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">King Phillip's<br /> 1675-1676<br /> New England </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Chesapeake (Naval)<br /> 1807<br /> Virginia </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Aroostook<br /> 1838<br /> Missouri </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Indian Campaign<br /> 1874-1875<br /> Ks., Co., Tx., & N.M. </span></p></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:110.7pt;border:solid windowtext .5pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">War In North<br /> 1676-1678<br /> Maine </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Northwestern Indian<br /> 1811<br /> Indiana </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Dorr's Rebellion<br /> 1842<br /> Rhode Island </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Cheyenne & Sioux<br /> 1876-1877<br /> Dakota </span></p></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:110.7pt;border:solid windowtext .5pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Culpepper's Rebellion<br /> 1677-1680<br /> Carolina's </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Florida Seminole Indian<br /> 1812<br /> Florida; Georgia Volunteers </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Mormon<br /> 1844<br /> Illinois </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Nez Perce<br /> 1877<br /> Utah </span></p></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:110.7pt;border:solid windowtext .5pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Leisler's Rebellion<br /> 1688-1691<br /> New England </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">War of 1812<br /> 1812-1815<br /> General </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Mexican<br /> 1846-1848<br /> Mexico </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Bannock<br /> 1878<br /> Id., Wa. Terr. & Wy. Terr. </span></p></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:110.7pt;border:solid windowtext .5pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Revolution<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>in Maryland<br /> 1689<br /> Maryland </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Peoria Indian<br /> 1813<br /> Illinois </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Cayuse Indian<br /> 1847-1848<br /> Oregon </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">White River (Ute Indian)<br /> 1879<br /> Utah & Colorado </span></p></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:110.7pt;border:solid windowtext .5pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Glorious Revolution<br /> 1689<br /> New England </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Creek Indian<br /> 1813-1814<br /> South </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Texas &, New Mexico Indian<br /> 1849-1855 </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Cheyenne<br /> 1878-1879<br /> Dakota & Montana </span></p></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:110.7pt;border:solid windowtext .5pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">King William's War<br /> 1689-1697<br /> Canada </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Lafitte's Pirates<br /> 1815<br /> North Coast Africa </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">California Indian<br /> 1851-1852 </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"> <span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt"> </span></p> </td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Spanish-American<br /> 1898-1899<br /> Cuba </span></p></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:110.7pt;border:solid windowtext .5pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Queen Anne's<br /> 1702-1713<br /> New England </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Barbary Pirates<br /> 1815<br /> North Coast Africa </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Utah Indian<br /> 1850-1853 </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Philippine Insurrection<br /> 1899-1902<br /> Philippine Islands </span></p></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:110.7pt;border:solid windowtext .5pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Tuscarora<br /> 1711-1712<br /> Virginia </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Seminole Indian<br /> 1817-1818<br /> Florida & Georgia </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Rogue Riber Indian<br /> 1851, 1853, 1856<br /> Oregon </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">World War I<br /> 1917-1918<br /> Germany </span></p></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:110.7pt;border:solid windowtext .5pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Jenkin's Ear<br /> 1739-1742<br /> Florida </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Lafitte's Pirates<br /> 1821<br /> Galveston </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Oregon Indian<br /> 1854<br /> Oregon </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">World War II<br /> 1940-1947<br /> Japan & Germany </span></p></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:110.7pt;border:solid windowtext .5pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">King George's<br /> 1740<br /> Georgia & Virginia </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Arickaree Indian<br /> 1823<br /> Mo. River, Dakota Terr. </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Nicaraguan<br /> 1854-1858<br /> Naval </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Korean Conflict<br /> 1950-1955<br /> Korea </span></p></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:110.7pt;border:solid windowtext .5pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Louisbourg<br /> 1745<br /> New England </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Fever River Indian<br /> 1827<br /> Illinois </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Kansas Troubles<br /> 1854-1859<br /> Kansas </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Vietnam War<br /> 1961-1975<br /> Vietnam </span></p></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:110.7pt;border:solid windowtext .5pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Fort Necessity<br /> 1754<br /> Ohio </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Winnebago Indian<br /> 1827<br /> Wisconsin </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Yakima Indian<br /> 1855<br /> Local </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Lebanon/Grenada<br /> 1982-1984<br /> Lebanon & Grenada </span></p></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:110.7pt;border:solid windowtext .5pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Anglo-French<br /> 1755-1758<br /> Canada </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Sac & Fox Indian<br /> 1831<br /> Illinois </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Klamath & Salmon<br /> 1855<br /> Or. & Idaho River Indian </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Panama <br /> 1989-1990<br /> Panama </span></p></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:110.7pt;border:solid windowtext .5pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">French & Indian<br /> 1754-1763<br /> New England & Virginia </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Black Hawk<br /> 1832<br /> Illinois & Wisconsin </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Florida Indian<br /> 1855-1858<br /> Florida </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Persian Gulf War<br /> 1990-1991 </span></p></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:110.7pt;border:solid windowtext .5pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Siege of Quebec<br /> 1759<br /> Canada </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Toledo<br /> 1835-1836<br /> Ohio & Michigan </span></p></td> <td style="width:110.7pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="148"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">John Brown's Raid<br /> 1859<br /> Virginia</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2607074022889582847.post-60084884484725219082012-02-21T16:53:00.002-05:002012-02-21T17:02:27.486-05:00Allegheny College Civil War Company<center><b>Flag of the Allegheny College Civil War Company<br /></b> by Jonathan E. Helmreich,<br />College Historian, Allegheny College<br /><br />PAGE1<br /></center> <table border="7"> </table> The young men attempted their best imitation of military posture as they stood to attention on the Allegheny College campus in Meadville, Pennsylvania, that eleventh of June 1861. One account suggests that 78 were in that array before the main college building, Bentley Hall. More likely, the group contained fewer than 66 lads but more than 50. They would be joined in the next few weeks by some 16 additional students and local men from Crawford County. This contingent, to be long known as the Allegheny College Volunteers, would fight in 19 battles of the Civil War. Youths would become men, raw recruits gruff veterans. Many would never return home; others would do so only as crippled versions of their former selves. Feelings had been running high on campus for months as the war cauldron heated over the differences between the Northern and Southern states. Even young William McKinley, whose equanimity and skill at debate was admired by his student friends during his short sojourn at Allegheny in the spring of 1860, lost his calm on the subject. When a Southern lad proposed Jefferson Davis as the best next leader for the country, the future President retorted that he would fight before he would let that happen <img src="http://webspace.webring.com/people/rm/mlewis206/cw1.jpg" align="right" /> News of the attack on the Federal base at Fort Sumter 12 April 1861 aggravated the tension. Northern students bristled at comments made by some of their Southern colleagues. The Union supporters called an indignation meeting and elected a committee that demanded that those persons favoring the attack "Recant, or leave within 24 hours for your homes." Vainly did the President of the College, the Reverend George Loomis, plea for conciliation. Twelve unrepentant Southerners departed. Shortly thereafter, on Saturday, 20 April, a congregation of students cheered as James Stubbs raised the Stars and Stripes atop the cupola of Bentley Hall. The door to the tower was then barred to prevent the flag from being torn down. This was, it may be estimated, the only occasion in the history of the College when the national banner was flown from Bentley's tower. That afternoon the students assembled again on the steps of the county courthouse, their hearts aflame. A call for volunteers went out, and after a rousing speech or two, the boys signed up. They proclaimed themselves the College Company, electing Ira Ayer, Jr., of Buffalo as captain. A student in the Biblical department of the College, Ayer was a sturdy man nearly six feet tall, fair complexioned with light hair and blue eyes. Twenty-six years of age, Ayer had served for five years with the Sixty-Seventh New York State militia, of which his father was colonel. The young captain, who held a good grasp of military drill and tactics, quickly started training the group. A son of the South, Sion B. Smith of Alexandria, Tennessee, became first lieutenant, German instructor Reverend Oscar Hennig, Ph.D, second lieutenant, and senior George Norris third lieutenant. The volunteers were not alone in their enthusiasm. Companies from every region of the Commonwealth were mustering in Harrisburg. Most men had enlisted for just three months of service, part of Mr. Lincoln's ninety-day army. Soon enough, it was clear in both Washington and the state capitals that the crisis would not be resolved so quickly. Harrisburg legislators passed a bill creating a Reserve Volunteer Corps of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, to be enlisted for three years or for the duration of the war, and to be amalgamated into the U. S. Army as requisitioned. The rubric "reserve" suggested that the men would not serve on the front lines or see the war close up. All too soon, the corps veterans were wryly commenting that the worst battles of the war were "reserved" for them.<br /> Until the issue of duration of enlistments was resolved, Governor Andrew Curtin delayed acceptance of the College Company. The lads drilled, parading occasionally on Chestnut Street in Meadville, and chafed at the delay. Some say that special appeals were made to Senator D. A. Finney, class of 1840, to use his influence with the governor. Significant also in the matter was Professor Samuel P. Bates, a Meadville native and Deputy State Superintendent of Education, who personally carried to Harrisburg papers tendering the service of the College Volunteers and who telegraphed home that on 24 May the company was accepted for three years' service. Before it could depart for training, however, time was required to make arrangements and to bring the company to its full size by the addition of volunteers from the county. (A Meadville short-term company that included several college students had already formed and left for training.) It was the determination of the Allegheny lads that no one should be accepted into the company unless he were a student at the time he enlisted. They sent to neighboring academies (post-grammar schools, the fore-runners of today's high schools) for recruits and were especially successful in gaining help from the southwest area of the county, including nine youths from tiny Espyville Academy.<br /><br /><center>PAGE 2</center><br /> The first Sunday in June, Professor Lorenzo Williams spoke to the group when it gathered for a service at the Methodist Church, telling them that "Patriotism is a noble virtue; Christian patriotism is heavenly virtue." To the citizens of the town, the 'boys' were instant heroes. The village ladies made each a tiny silk flag to sport on his coat, and on 26 April they formally presented the company with a flag. Within its silver stars was printed the slogan "Our Country Forever." Whether this was the flag, somewhat altered, that was presented to the company on 11 June or another is difficult to tell a century and a half later. More likely, it was a smaller, hurried effort that the ladies later expanded and improved upon when it became clear that at least several more weeks would pass before the boys would be off. When the time came, the leave-takings were patriotic, heartfelt, and tinged with bravura. L. Ami Trace told his fellow members of the College Philo-Franklin Literary Society: "I am going to fight for my country: I shall never disgrace you."<br /><img src="http://webspace.webring.com/people/rm/mlewis206/cw12.jpg" align="right" /> On the eleventh of June the community bade farewell to its own. Faculty, townspeople, and President Loomis all spoke as the Allegheny Company stood in formation before the College's great hall. Miss Hattie Bain presented the volunteers with a large flag of fine wool bunting, sewn by the ladies of the town. With seven stripes of red and six of white, it showed 30 gold stars in its blue corner field in an elliptical disposition, with single stars in each of the four corners of the field. Thus the 34 states of the Union before secession were represented, demonstrating the desire of both the women of Meadville and those about to march away that the Union be preserved. On one side of the flag, within the starry ellipse, was inscribed in gold lettering the phrase "Our Country." On the other side appeared the Latin words, "Semper Fidelis" ("Always Faithful" later to become the slogan of the U.S. Marine Corps in 1883). President Loomis's valedictory to the volunteers was brief and emotional, reminiscent of the farewell the Spartans paid to their troops departing for the battle of Thermopylae. With tears streaming down his cheeks, this physically imposing man growled in his deep voice, "Come back with the flag, boys, or come back wrapped in its folds.<br />Flag curators have recently shown interest in the Volunteers' Flag, especially in its shape and dimensions. At the beginning of the 1860s some regulations did exist regarding flag preparation, but these were not highly specific and were revised during 1861. The Allegheny Company flag was of the same proportion as larger garrison and storm flags, but one-quarter the size of the former and half the size of the latter, for a company flag was meant to be carried rather than displayed from a stanchion. Five feet by ten feet, the Allegheny flag nevertheless is unusually large for a company flag of that era. It must have been a challenge for one man to bear, as various stains, especially in its lower fly corner, attest.<br /><img src="http://webspace.webring.com/people/rm/mlewis206/cw13.jpg" align="right" /> The 1861 rules that called for infantry units to use flags approximately six feet square had probably not yet been publicized by the time the Allegheny flag was created. They indicated that the canton, or Union, in the upper quarter next to the staff should have white stars on a blue field and should vertically extend to the lower edge of the fourth red stripe from the top. In length, it was to extend one-third the fly of the flag. On large garrison flags, this regulation resulted in a nearly square canton. On smaller flags, the canton took the shape of a narrow vertical rectangle. The Allegheny flag differs from these standard practices. The canton's height is 30 inches alongside four red and three white stripes. But the canton also extends 50 inches of the banner's ten-foot length, or about 42% or two-fifths rather than one-third of its horizontal dimension. No Federal regulations prescribed the pattern of stars in the canton. The star count was supposed to represent the number of states. White stars were to be embroidered, but as this was a lengthy and expensive task and few embroiderers were available, paint was often used. Silver paint tarnished rapidly, so in 1861 gold paint was substituted. With the demand for regimental flags increasing, the army authorized depots in New York City and Cincinnati as well as in Philadelphia to produce flags. In New York, square cantons with five rows of gold stars were used. Philadelphia used the narrow canton with gold stars arranged in two rings, with one star in each corner of the canton and often one in the center of the rings. Cincinnati used the narrow canton of Philadelphia but with a row arrangement of stars as employed by New York. It is difficult to determine nearly a century and a half later how much the women of Meadville knew of these various flag formats. Whatever the case, the Volunteers' flag was an innovative variation on these common designs, as a horizontal rather than vertical rectangular canton was employed, with but one ring of stars with two different slogans in its center. The flag's shape and size suggest that these were logical reductions from those of standard garrison and storm flags. The Meadville ladies also appear to have known of, or contributed to the establishment of, the practice of selecting red for the color of the banding around the exterior of the flag, indicating that the flag was made in time of war. The color of the binding for flags made in peacetime is white, though presentation flags also make use of gold braid.<br /><br /><center>PAGE 3</center><br />Having received their flag, the volunteers were served a sumptuous meal on the campus green, then marched to Dock Street, where they boarded a canal boat. An immense crowd cheered them off that Tuesday evening. Each youth's name was announced as he boarded the boat, and each received from the ladies a "Handy Betty" (a sewing kit), a New Testament, and a white muslin Havelock to protect his neck from the southern sun (an item that did not last as far as Pittsburgh). A cornet band played, and girls sang patriotic tunes. Few slept that night as they were towed along the canal on the J. D. Gill, dodging the spikes of the bridges. New friendships were made, for some of the recent recruits hardly knew the core of college lads. Borosus "Bo" Strickland, the smallest and most unassuming of them all, from nearby Andover, Ohio, became the messmate and blanket sharer of Octavius Williams, an arrangement parted only by bullets. The next morning the recruits were treated to a grand breakfast at Sherman's Corners, now Shermansville, and again the following morning at Sharon. Their destination was Camp Wilkins, a filthy fairgrounds east of Pittsburgh, where they joined other regiments already encamped. Several former Allegheny students were enrolled in these. Ironically, as the Allegheny Company arrived, two Meadville lads who had enlisted with the Meadville company for three months and were sent to Camp Wilkins in April were able to return to Meadville for graduation with their Allegheny class. In addition to those two seniors, either six or seven other Allegheny undergraduates served with the town company.6 All of the boys made up, in the later reflection of Octavius Williams '64, an "undrilled, ununiformed and intensely unsophisticated lot" with their camp equipage, consisting principally of bundles of clothes, bed blankets, and patchwork quilts. On 20 June, the College Company was merged into the 39th Regiment, 10th Reserve, Pennsylvania Volunteer Reserve Corps, becoming Company I. The regiment, which throughout the war was commonly referred to as the Tenth Pennsylvania, was commanded by a former Alleghenian, Colonel John S. McCalmont, class of 1840. To preserve morale, higher officials decided not to disperse the men of college companies. Of course, as company members were killed or wounded, their replacements were not from the College. By the end of three years' service, the company had fewer Alleghenians, but its esprit d'corps, comradeship, and even the idealism planted by the original student contingent remained.<br /><img src="http://webspace.webring.com/people/rm/mlewis206/cw9.jpg" align="right" /> Because of the background of its members, most of whom came from a college then strongly connected to the Methodist Episcopal Church, a greater percentage of the company reportedly attended religious services than was customary within the army as a whole. Of the four officers and three sergeants initially appointed, all but one were Methodists, and four were licensed to preach. During the first weeks of training, Company I rose at five each morning and began prayers ten minutes later, the only company in the regiment to hold worship services both morning and night. Captain Ayer himself was abstemious, eschewing any use of liquor or tobacco. His troops soon passed a resolution that they would use no intoxicating liquors of any kind in camp. The company's reputation for orderliness and discipline grew, and around Camp Wilkins Company I was called the best in the regiment. It was at the camp on Penn Street, the same street on which College founder Timothy Alden died 22 years earlier, that the men of Company I had their first taste of the harshness of army life. At night they lay on what they called the soft side of a board, with a blanket and a carpet sack for a pillow; nevertheless, they found they slept the best sleep of their lives. Meals hardly matched those of home or Allegheny. James Chadwick reported that, "Our fare consists of baker's bread with crackers which are so hard that you can not easily break them, salt bacon and occasionally a mess of fresh beef, coffee twice a day, without milk, and sometimes a mess of beans. It is rather hard living.... Little did the students know that in the future their fare would be still more plain, "not much except crackers and coffee; meat sometimes on the 'rusty' order." Tents would be scarce, and shelter from storms had to be found under India rubber blankets. Drill was tiresome. The boys adapted quickly and their greenness ripened into army routine. The first day of July the regiment moved to Camp Wright, 12 miles up the Allegheny River. Shortly thereafter, Norris traveled to Meadville to recruit an additional 25 men to bring Company I to its required strength of 101 soldiers. He had some success, and the addition of a few transfers finally brought the company close to its full quota. On 18 July the regiment entrained to Hopewell and then moved to Harrisburg. There, on Saturday, 20 July, the eve of the Union's severe defeat at Bull Run, the volunteers were mustered into the United States Army, part of the first regiment to be accepted for a term of three years. Shortly thereafter, the regiment was posted to Washington by way of Baltimore. Warned by police of the possibility of an attack by secessionists mobs as had already happened to other Federal troops changing trains in the divided city of Baltimore, Colonel McCalmont did not shrink. He issued ammunition and ordered bayonets fixed. On its march through the streets, the regiment was accompanied by an African-American lad. His service running errands and helping to pitch tents won the soldiers' approval, and young "Baltimore," as he was called, would accompany the regiment as its mascot until he "transferred" himself to a cavalry outfit about the end of 1863. Arriving in Washington, the College boys encountered troops maimed at Bull Run; it was a frightening and sobering sight that encouraged them to accept discipline far more strict that they had experienced in camp.<br /><br /><center>PAGE 4</center><br /> The Alleghenians waited nearly six months for their own first taste of real combat. The monotony of life at Camp Tenally was broken in August by guard duty at the Great Falls of the Potomac, where the Northerners first cast eyes on the enemy. In October the regiment moved into Virginia. That month the young German instructor, who had joined the company along with his Allegheny students, resigned due to "force of circumstances" that may have referred to language difficulties. The company's idealism remained strong. One student member wrote home: "This war, though a dread scourge and affliction, will make us a better people and will most certainly advance the principles of Liberty and Human Rights." On 20 the company had its first experience foraging from Confederate farms before taking part in the Federal attack on the Confederates at Dranesville. Scarcely had the company's colors been freed from their sheath and unrolled when the flag was greeted by a rebel artillery shell. The volunteers frantically ducked, even though it flew far over their heads. In time they would adjust to such misfired volleys with experienced appreciation for their errant path.<br /> Company I helped defend the left flank of an artillery battery successfully and was spared casualties. Ayer, impressed by the dash of General E. O. C. Ord in leading the artillery, described his appearance on a magnificent bay, Ord's eyes flashing fire and "every lineament of his countenance betokening courage" as the "most animated scene" Ayer witnessed throughout the war. Sion Smith, bruised but unbloodied by a spent bullet, received commendation for coolness and courage. About three months earlier he had been promoted to the post of Assistant Adjutant General to the third brigade of the Army of the Potomac commanded by General E. O. C. Ord. With him he took as company clerk or aide-de-camp his classmate James Chadwick, who stayed on when Smith returned to his regiment the next January.<br />Encouraged by the successful handling of their baptism of fire, the College Volunteers were in high spirits. Captain Ayer wrote to the Crawford Journal that "The Allegheny College Volunteers are prospering very well, and will compare with any company I have seen with regard to drilling, cleanliness, morality and all those qualifications which make the soldier. We still retain the flag presented by the kind hearted ones at Meadville, and it has been the only flag floating in regiment on this side of the river."<br /> It was not until March 1862 that the army again began to move, first to Hunter's Mills, then marching to Alexandria through a raging storm. The Reserves were next shifted by way of Centreville to Manassas Junction as Union General George B. McClellan responded to pressure from Washington for some show of action. The Confederates, however, had withdrawn from the Manassas plain, and Company I's greatest excitement involved helping to take charge of evacuated Confederate fortifications, interesting because of their size and "Quaker guns," large logs shaped and painted to look like artillery.<br /> In June the regiment, now led by Lt. Colonel James Kirk as Colonel McCalmont had resigned for personal reasons, was ordered to the Peninsula. It traveled by boat down the Potomac to Chesapeake Bay and then up the York and Pamunkey to disembark at While House. While marching toward Mechanicsville it successfully fended off a Confederate cavalry charge. The company's first combat in the Seven Days Campaign occurred near that town on 14 June 1862, as it acted as woods skirmishers in holding up the advance of Confederate Ambrose P. Hill's troops across Beaver Dam Creek. The boys fought on the extreme right of the advanced skirmish line, an advantageous position that enabled them to inflict serious casualties on the Confederates while suffering only one wounded. When the artillery ceased its firing, the Allegheny lads listened with awe to the cries of the dying and wounded Rebels being removed from the battlefield. Did they suspect their own group would be the next victims?<br /><br /><center> PAGE 5</center><br />The Rebel attack was repulsed, and the College lads were joyful. But McClellan, fearful of being outnumbered, at 3 a.m. on the 27th ordered his men to retreat to Gaines Mill. Caught in heavy artillery fire on the brow of a wooded ravine as Federal troops formed for a charge, Company I suffered multiple casualties. It was almost a relief to be ordered into the ravine in front of the Union positions, as the shells now passed over their heads. They took the hill on the far side and held the advanced position until nightfall. Little Bo Strickland was at the extreme front of the company advance; surrounded by rebels and unable to recharge his muzzle loader fast enough, he fought with stones, surviving himself and inspiring his mates. After dark, with its ammunition exhausted and its flank threatened, the company joined the Federal retreat across the Chicahominy River. But not all did so: six students had crossed another river and lay dead, including young Trace. Another three were missing and presumed killed. Seventeen other members of Company I were wounded. Wrote Chadwick, " I cannot attempt to give you an account of the AWFUL, AWFUL sights I have seen during the past week....God grant I may never see the like again.<br />Company I's losses were the highest of any company in the tenth regiment. In reporting the death of Corporal Edwin Pier, who died as the result of the shattering of his right arm, Captain Ayer wrote eloquently of Pier as one of the most promising students of Allegheny College. Of fine mind and devout and refined feelings, he was a devoted Christian and an earnest patriot. He was an excellent Greek and Hebrew scholar, and spent much of his time while off duty in the reading of Greek Testament. Of modest deportment, he was as courageous as he was humble.<br /><img src="http://webspace.webring.com/people/rm/mlewis206/cw14.jpg" align="right" /> The defeated Union troops attempted to rally at Charles City Crossroads. A fierce sun smote the weary men, their uniforms stiff with blood. Despite an arm so mangled that it would later require amputation, a sergeant shot a sheep that provided much needed stew. The encampments the next nights were no longer cheerful gatherings, but ominously silent conclaves; fires and any form of noise were forbidden. In the afternoon of 30 June, the Tenth demonstrated its long training and the hardening of battle by completing a difficult left half-wheel under fire and administered a thrashing to the foe. One member of Company I, Private Edward E. Douglass who had enlisted 25 July 1861 and would transfer to the cavalry in November 1862, even recaptured from the Rebels the colors of another Union corps. Some accounts suggest these belonged to the Fifth Pennsylvania Reserves, yet this is uncertain. Captain Ayer received a gunshot in his right side but stayed on the field though several more of his fellow students there reached eternity. The company's casualties in killed and wounded for the seven days of battle between Beaver Dam Creek and Charles City Cross Roads exceeded those of any other in the division. Though victorious in this battle, the Federals retreated to Malvern Hill. Because of the College Company's losses and exhaustion, it was held in reserve during the early July battle there, though it was posted to the battlefield.<br /> The Chicahominy engagement took its toll with more than bullets. Sion Smith, popular with the troops and promoted to major in May, contracted typhoid fever in the camps there. Ill, he resigned his commission and retired not to his family home in Tennessee, but to Andover, Ohio, 25 miles west of Meadville, where he died 5 August 1862.21 In following weeks disease continued to weaken the troops. Chadwick noted in mid-July that "I have not seen a single man who is perfectly well, all are complaining of disentary [sic]. I think it must be occasioned by the excessive heat, bad water and poisonous miasm which is constantly coming off the swamps which surround the camps." As for other pestilence, he noted "an almost infinite number of flies, beetles, bugs, wood-ticks, lizards, etc....the most annoying, however, of all these vermin are lice,--the real genuine body lice."<br />Continuing Union retreats took Company I to the Second Battle of Bull Run at the end of August. The regiment first performed diversionary feints, then stood picket duty, and finally defended the extreme left of the Union line, where it was overwhelmed by an unexpected and fierce Confederate attack. Panic ensued. The road choked with fleeing men. By the time order was restored, the day was lost. Captain Ayer was again injured; a ball broke his left forearm though, to his good fortune, a second ball that punctured his hat did not touch his flesh. Not until November would he be able to return to active duty. Milton M. Phelps, class of 1861, who had become a "bold and dashing" lieutenant for Company I, was shot through the right lung; McClure Tryon died of his wounds. In the 1 September clash at Chantilly, young Washington Cook was taken prisoner by Georgia troops but successfully escaped through a hazel thicket to rejoin his comrades.<br />The Union forces pulled back into Maryland. At the battle of South Mountain on 14 September, the Tenth Regiment was at first held in reserve but soon entered the fray. The College Company participated in the charge up the mountain and the sound defeat of the Confederates. At the steepest slope near the top of the great hill, little Bo Strickland was as usual at the front of the company when he received a mini ball through his forehead. Company fifer and stretcher bearer John Stuntz '65 came upon his body shortly thereafter. With hatchet and skillet he scooped a shallow grave and employed a piece of a cracker box for a headboard. The fighting had been fierce; one student counted 52 holes in his new pants. In all, the company suffered severely for the number of men engaged. The Union forces pursued the retreating rebels, and the College boys became involved in a skirmish late on 16 September that proved the prologue to the war's bloodiest single day, the Battle of Antietam. <br />The next day, while on reconnaissance on the Federal right, the Tenth discovered an unexpected Confederate troop movement. Acting decisively, it attacked the Southerners' flank and disrupted the Confederate maneuver. It lost, however, its own colonel, who suffered a shattered pelvis. Company I was briefly left without a single officer, as all had been badly wounded. Lieutenant H. J. Howe, the replacement for Phelps who had been sent home with his punctured lung, was himself seriously wounded in the breast. Chadwick, who in his brigade clerk post was in a position to know, wrote home that My company which has borne on its rolls nearly a hundred names cannot muster more than fifteen men for duty. It seems to have suffered worse than any other company in the Regiment. Many have been killed in action, some have died of wounds, some of disease, a number are now in the hospitals sick or wounded, while several have been discharged on disability. <br /><br /><center>PAGE 6</center><br />On the tenth of December, the Tenth Reserves and the College Company established a crossing over the Rappahanock River. Three days later the volunteers, fighting on the Union left at Fredericksburg, participated in an initially successful attack. But Conferate Stonewall Jackson's troops gained reinforcements, whole those of the Union's George Meade did not. In the Federal retreat through brush and swamp three College boys were captured, others wounded, and Lt. Howe feared killed, though actually he had been taken prisoner. For a period following the Fredericksburg debacle, the company drew rations for only nine men.<br />The Tenth was withdrawn to fortify the defences of Washington and to rest and <img src="http://webspace.webring.com/people/rm/mlewis206/cw8.jpg" align="right" /> recruit. Ayer was now in command of the regiment; the following April he would be promoted to major, though command would revert to the former colonel now partially recovered from his wound. Chadwick sullenly reflected that "If we do as much more fighting as we have done, there will be nobody to muster out at the end of the time [of our enlistment]." He had made a ledger of all the men of Company I and what had become of them, unfortunately an accounting lost to posterity. His comment regarding this melancholy roll call of the missing and the dead was that "It is indeed a sad, sad record...a heartsickening record. Some of the best, most talented and promising young men I ever knew are among the number who sleep in soldiers graves--on the heights of South Mountain, the Plains of Manassas and the banks of Chickahominy. Alas! the horrors of war." He nevertheless noted that "although our ranks have been fearfully decimated, the portion remaining is the true grit." On the second anniversary of the Company's departure from the Allegheny campus, 11 June 1863, he lamented that 23 of their number were now under the sod.<br />The Tenth was not posted to the May 1863 battle of Chancellorsville. News of the subsequent entry into Pennsylvania of Confederate General Robert E. Lee's army brought petitions from the regiment for reassignment to its home state. In June it was sent to Upton Hill and then to Gettysburg, reaching the on-going battle there on 2 July. Late that day the Tenth was sent to relieve Colonel Strong Vincent's exhausted brigade and held the saddle between Little Round Top and Round Top where vicious fighting had earlier occurred. The next day they built a defensive stone wall between the hills and took their toll on scouts and skirmishers from a Texas regiment. Spying a wounded Union soldier but without his own fellow stretcher-bearer, Stuntz put the man on his own back. Under the fire of troops on both sides, Stuntz carried the lad to safety. While exposed to fire, the fifer fell on boulders so heavily that he himself became crippled for life, but the Union soldier was saved. On 14 October, during Meade's half-hearted pursuit of Lee's army in its <img src="http://webspace.webring.com/people/rm/mlewis206/cw11.jpg" align="right" /> withdrawal from Gettysburg, Company I fought a small and modestly successful action at Bristoe Station. At New Hope Church, Company I led the charge of infantry coming in support of the Federal cavalry. The Confederates stood firm at Mine Run, and the Tenth returned to winter quarters at Manassas. Company I served as provost guard at the brigade headquarters. Several of the Company men received a months' furlough at the turn of the year. Ayer took the opportunity to marry. One, William Slater from Toledo, brought back dress goods for a Confederate girl who he had met a few weeks earlier. He and three comrades from the company were invited to dinner. As they sat down, Washington Cook spied four men sneaking from the woods to the house shortly after he spied one of the daughters of the house wave a red handkerchief. He quickly procured his gun and, when the men entered the room, took them prisoners. A few days later, several of the infantry boys swapped duties with friends in the cavalry, riding 110 miles on an essentially fruitless raid on Alda and Middleburg, gaining nothing but aches and pains for their long hours in the saddles. In the spring of 1864, Ira Ayer, Jr., the Bible scholar of 1861, was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel and given command of the Tenth Pennsylvania Reserves. On 5 May, Company I was the first Federal unit to enter the slaughter pen later known as the Battle of the Wilderness, where the men again acted as skirmishers. The next day these by now hardened veterans held the center of the Union line and advanced through thick woods. Company casualties were high. Lt. Colonel Ayer was again wounded, this time quite seriously, by a sharpshooter's bullet that passed through the large bone of his leg. Late that afternoon, the Tenth was hurriedly called to repel a Confederate flank attack on the Union right. The men were exhausted, but for once the Union forces did not retreat after the initial battle; a stubborn general named Ulysses S. Grant was now in command. The troops moved on to Spotsylvania and fought fiercely there on 8 and 9 May. On the tenth, the Company and its regiment were sent to reconnoiter near the Po River. General Lee, however, successfully retreated to the North Anna River, with the Tenth in pursuit.<br /><br /><center>PAGE 7</center><br /> The term of enlistment of Company I was now at its close. On 30 May 1864, orders arrived relieving the troops of further service. Delivered to Captain E. H. Henderson, class of 1863, who was then serving as Assistant Adjutant General of the Third Brigade, the mustering out missive came just as a large Confederate force launched a major attack on the Pennsylvania men as they defended Bethesda Church. The attack came so quickly that Cook and some of his comrades, who had been feasting on spoils seized from a Confederate home, found themselves face to face with the enemy with food still in their fists. Replacement troops were not available. Henderson pocketed the order and the Union troops, including Company I, charged, were in turn checked, then prevailed. More than 300 Confederates were killed and many more taken prisoner.<br />Captain Henderson himself had a remarkable military career. As a private, he <img src="http://webspace.webring.com/people/rm/mlewis206/cw17.jpg" align="right" /> was wounded at Gaines Mill, then promoted to sergeant following the battle. Along with two other company members he was taken prisoner at Fredericksburg on 18 December 1862 and sent to Libby prison in Richmond. He returned to Union ranks via a prisoner exchange, and on 16 May 1863 he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant and eventually rose to his final rank as captain.<br />As with other educated men, Henderson's skills in reading and writing, joined with battlefield experience, enabled him to be seconded or promoted to positions with other units. Such was also true for Sion Smith, James Chadwick, Milton Phelps, and George Norris (who became quartermaster of the 10th Regiment), all members of the class of 1861. But some of the College enlisted men, however, no doubt shared the view of Chadwick who vehemently advised his younger brother not to sign up as a rank and file soldier. On the other hand, if the lad could enter as a commissioned officer, James allowed he might not object. <br />But I have seen enough of the treatment of the private soldier to completely disgust me. In my Regiment, from the Commanding Officer down, I esteem myself, (maybe I am an egotist) the superior of every one of them in mental attainments, socially, and perhaps in morals, yet I am a soldier and they are officers. Besides their advantages in privileges, they are paid from $200...per month while I who am a soldier though doing the most work and suffering the most privations, get 13 dollars.<br />Chadwick could readily sympathize when reading the ten-month journal of Zerah Costen Smullen, a classmate and fellow member of the Philo-Franklin Literary Society at Allegheny. His description of the cruel, heartless treatment received as an enlisted man in Company D, 103rd Pennsylvania Volunteers struck Chadwick as precise.<br />Though Company I suffered high casualties in its three year tour, it was spared some hardships by maintaining its cohesive unit status, at least for some while, thus prolonging a sense of community and shared values. But such issues as these, as well as the terrors seen and felt, no doubt explain why many of the Alleghenians readily returned to Pittsburgh for their official mustering out ceremony on 11 June 1864. Among them was the wounded and now married Lt. Colonel Ayer. Some re-enlisted, joining Company K, of the 191st Pennsylvania Volunteers. Others did not return. One accounting shows that 26 members of Company I were killed or mortally wounded and eight died of other causes. Thirty-six members of the Company were wounded, and 25 had been discharged for disability. Yet these figures may be too low.<br />How many Allegheny College undergraduates actually left for war with the original detachment is difficult to discern today. Ernest Ashton Smith in his 1916 history of the College puts forward 78 as the number. But his count is merely the total number of men who mustered into the Company on 20 June 1861 according to the list compiled by Samuel P. Bates in his History of Pennsylvania Volunteers, 1861-5 originally published in 1869. Bates, Smith, Chadwick, and Cook all, however, state that this contingent included men from the county as well as Allegheny College. A month before the Company's departure, Chadwick wrote that it held about 50 students. Halver Getchell, a Meadville newspaperman who did much research for the Crawford County Historical Society in the post-World War II period, states in his notes that 15 to 20 men from the southwest section of the county responded to a May appeal in the Crawford Journal for an additional 30 men for the Company; another source reports that 16 enlisted. In July another 25 were added to reach (or nearly so) the prescribed complement of 101 men. Thus the number of Allegheny undergraduates in the initial muster of Company I appears to have been between 50 and 65.<br />An additional problem is that the names of some of the individuals specifically identified by Smith, Chadwick, and Getchell as students and classmates do not appear on the list of undergraduates printed in the College catalogue for the 1860-61 academic year or even in the alumni directory meticulously constructed in 1915. Chadwick, noted for his careful record keeping, mentions classmates in the Company that are nowhere listed by Bates or Smith. For example, Chadwick cites Ephraim Ludwick, clearly entered in the College records as a member of the class of 1862 and as a 2nd sergeant as of 13 May 1861; but he is not mentioned by Bates or W. Scott in his Roster, and Smith lists him as an officer with the New Jersey Volunteers. Apparently, Ludwick did not continue with the Allegheny Company until it was actually amalgamated into the army. <br /><br /><center> PAGE 8</center><br /> Only 16 of the names listed by Bates as members of Company I can be found in the Allegheny alumni register. Given the flow of students in and out of the institution over its three terms per year, this is not surprising. In those days, the names of enrollees were printed in the College bulletin during the summer months before the ensuing academic year. Thus students who subsequently enrolled in January or March and later enlisted for three years might not have been named in any of the College catalogues and therefore missed inclusion in the alumni directory. Maybe, too, when the group initially formed in April, interested friends and locals were invited in and, because departure was considered imminent and examinations and studies nearly irrelevant, these individuals were informally considered members of the College community. Yet another explanation may be linked with a volunteer's letter, cited by Getchell, which reported that on the initial trip to Pittsburgh word was received that some members would be sent home, as only 77 could be accepted into the rank and file.<br />As was the case almost a century and a half ago, it is still impossible to tell how many Alleghenians, whether faculty, alumni, undergraduate members of Company I, or student members of other units, died within the hot gates of the Civil War. Bates lists 16 of the 20 June group as killed in battle, and this number does not include Sion Smith, who died of illness, or young Ami Trace, who joined on the 30th of June and fell at Gaines Mill. But Smith indicated the total was significantly higher, and Chadwick noted that 23 had already been buried after two years of fighting. Another source (circa 1907), who served a number of years on the Methodist Board of Control for the College, states that 28 of the initial College Volunteers were buried in the South, a figure that probably included both battle deaths and disease mortalities. If Chadwick's and Getchell's estimates regarding the initial enrollees are accepted, then perhaps over half of the student patriots died. It is an astonishingly high mortality rate. Incidentally, one out of the original 78 deserted at Gettysburg, but there is no indication he was an Allegheny student.<br /> The College Volunteers' battle flag did return to the campus. It is the most <img src="http://webspace.webring.com/people/rm/mlewis206/cw14.jpg" align="right" /> sacred of the institution's early memorabilia. In keeping with the tradition of the times, the names of the 19 infernos in which it flew were stenciled upon its stripes. Company I fought in every major battle of the Army of the Potomac during the Company's three years of existence, save for that of Chancellorsville in May 1863. The banner was displayed on the centennial of Abraham Lincoln's birth in 1909, again the following year when the College's Civil War monument was dedicated, and finally on the College's own centennial in 1915. Since then, it has been in storage, a long-forgotten but precious relic only recently found and identified in 2000 by College Historian Jonathan E. Helmreich. The banner was in fairly good condition, in part because its long storage in remote cabinets protected it from the deteriorating effects of light. Unlike many Civil War flags, especially Confederate battle flags, it has stayed in one piece, never cut into fragmentary souvenirs. The white of the stripes was a dark gray. Among streaks of grease or oil, other stains were evident, including dark spots turning to rust colors at their edges, the tell-tale signs of blood. Several shrapnel and bullet holes gaped, as did the right-angle tears of bayonet or saber cuts. At some point the banner must have been partially ripped from its standard, for along the pole edge can be seen how the canton was torn and then roughly sewn together by over-lapping the material, thus warping the flag's rectangular shape. Both hand and machine stitching may now be found on the flag. Analysis suggests that repair sewing took place primarily on two early occasions, perhaps during the war and immediately thereafter. Some of the larger tears have been sewn in careful stitching, as if mended by a seamstress; others were darned in rough and hurried stitches; still more were left open. The acrid smell of gunpowder and campfire smoke lingered in the fabric to the point that they could still be faintly detected. Since its rediscovery, the flag has been treated by Textile Preservation Associates, Inc. of Keedysville, Maryland. It was unveiled in its new frame at the College alumni luncheon on 1 June 2002; plans have been launched for its permanent display though this must be strictly limited in duration and lighting to protect the material from decay. Who bore the Allegheny Company flag in battle and on the march? No one knows for sure. To carry the colors was a great honor. No doubt several persons performed the task; some of these may well have paid the full price, for the flag was not only the rallying point for the Company but also a prime target of enemy marksmen. Bates connects only one person with the Allegheny flag: George L. Beach, part of the original muster, who was promoted to Sergeant of the Color Guard in November 1862. He had previously been wounded at Gaines Mill and would be wounded again at Fredericksburg. Perhaps the first color bearer was Adam Nutt '61, listed by Getchell as an ensign when the volunteers left for Pittsburgh, but his name is not on Bates's official roster. <br />Those who rallied around this particular flag were not the only Alleghenians who <img src="http://webspace.webring.com/people/rm/mlewis206/cw16.jpg" align="right" /> fought in the War. Many graduate alumni and former students, such as William McKinley, served in a variety of units. Sylvester H. Birdsall of the class of 1860 joined Company K of the 150th regiment of the Pennsylvania volunteers and was part of the guard for President Abraham Lincoln. He then organized and captained the first company of African-American soldiers in the District of Columbia. Not all the undergraduates who enlisted while students at Allegheny served in Company I. John W. Phillips '60, David T. McKay '62, and James W. Smith, '60 led recruitment from the Meadville area in the summer of 1862 of Company B, 18th Pennsylvania Calvary, 163rd Regiment, and were joined by two more of their college mates; local papers referred to this unit as the "College Cavalry." Fourteen or more Allegheny students joined other companies recruited in the Meadville area during the war. Still others joined units from their own regions. Captains Nelson, Armstrong Thomas '62, and Marcus Horton '63 of Ohio regiments died fighting along the Chickamauga River in May 1863, and J. H. Lefever '61 died there on the last day of the great Battle of the Chickamauga of September 1863. The first three were Northerners, but on which side was Lefever? Gordon Batelle'40, the eloquent Methodist Episcopal preacher who defended his church and the cause of the Union in a dividing Virginia, died in October 1962 of typhoid while serving as chaplain to the 1st regiment of Virginia volunteers. Among the highest ranking Allegheny graduates in the war was career officer Brigadier General Alexander Hays, slain in the battle of the Wilderness. F. Alsor Jones '57 in 1864 gained the rank of brigadier general with the 6th Maryland Volunteers, as did A. B. McCalmont '43 and F. A. Bartleson '63, who served with other volunteer contingents. Alfred Pearson '56 of the Pennsylvania Volunteers became a major general in March 1865.<br /><br /><center> PAGE 9</center><br /> Though records are spotty, it appears that at least five Allegheny undergraduates fought for the Confederacy. Patrick Henry Beesley '64 died wearing the gray uniform at Red Lick Church, Mississippi. James Crawford, like Beesley, refused to leave campus until May 1861. After enlistment, he rose to the rank of lieutenant and served on the staffs of both Lee and General Joseph E. Johnston; he was twice captured and exchanged. On one occasion Crawford and Lt. James M. Wells of the 111th Pennsylvania Volunteers, classmates and both members of Phi Gamma Delta fraternity, encountered each other while leading skirmishing squads for the opposing sides. Each desisted from ordering fire and turned their troops from contact.<br />For many years, a framed Confederate ten-dollar bill adorned the wall in the office of College President William H. Crawford. Shortly after the Confederate surrender, Allegheny Union soldiers noticed a ragged Confederate prisoner of war trudging toward Washington among other released Confederates. The P.O.W. recognized the Alleghenians as well. They had been classmates. They paused to visit, and the Union men, in the name of collegial friendship, gave their Confederate colleague cash for a train ticket home. Grateful, he in turn presented to his College friends all that he had--a worthless Confederate bill. The three saved it, and its last possessor forwarded it to the College before his death. President William H. Crawford framed it, elevating the value of the worthless currency to a symbol of collegiality and the brotherhood of pursuit of liberal knowledge. Sadly, the bill's whereabouts is now unknown. <br />A number of Allegheny alumni also fought for the Confederacy. College President William P. Tolley related the story of a Captain James Wilson Smith, an Allegheny Union soldier, captured by Confederate troops. The Southerners were commanded by an Alleghenian who had been one of Smith's close friends in College. An exchange of prisoners was arranged by the Southern officer for Captain Smith's release. <br />The rush to the colors in 1861 depleted Allegheny's enrollment during the war. In the spring of 1862 another group of students rallied classmates to sign up. They persuaded a noted pastor to deliver a sermon on current affairs the next Sunday evening. They also announced a war meeting at the College chapel for the following Monday morning. At the evening gathering, however, sitting beside the speaker was Reverend Loomis. A supporter of Northern views, the President nevertheless did not wish to see all the institution's students disappear into the maw of Mars. The preacher gave a strong sermon, but also exhorted: "It might be the highest patriotism for the students of Allegheny to prepare themselves for highest citizenship by devotion to their studies. When the service was over, the President informed the student who was organizing the morning rally that the College chapel could not be used. The militantly minded students did not give up their efforts, instead marching to the court house to hear a fiery speech. But word was out, and students began receiving telegrams from home forbidding enlistment. Only ten remained committed to their goal; likening themselves to an ancient Persian king's royal bodyguard, the boys christened themselves "the Immortals" and enlisted, as did another ten for a three-month period the following year when Lee invaded Pennsylvania. Included in this last group was R. N. Stubbs who had endeavored to rouse his classmates in 1862. The impact of all these enlistments upon the College was substantial. In 1859 there were 100 undergraduates, 100 preparatory students, and 25 in the Biblical department. In the second year of the war, there were but 70 undergraduates, 84 preps, and 13 Bible students, reflecting a 25% loss in enrollment. Lee's invasion of Pennsylvania in 1863 forced postponement of commencement until August. When F. H. Pierpont, class of 1839 and governor of "restored" Virginia, spoke at the ceremonies, the audience consisted mostly of local citizens. Many students and some of their professors were away at war, and the College opened with only eight registrants that fall; the total for the 1863-64 year was 51 undergraduates, 91 preparatory students, and 13 Bible students. After the war, many of the veterans, such as McKinley, chose not to resume their former studies. The finances of the region were under strain, and it took a colossal effort by President Loomis simply to keep the College going. In 1867-68 only 83 students and 51 preps attended. Enrollment had to be increased. President Loomis, formerly head of a women's seminary, had long believed that Allegheny's education program should be available to women. In 1867 the trustees remained divided on the matter. The Pittsburgh Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church which, along with the Erie Conference, had been patrons of the college since 1833, supported higher education for women. Its leaders persuaded the trustees to the cause so that by September 1870 three women were enrolled. Women initially did not apply in great numbers, and enrollment problems therefore persisted for several years. Nevertheless, it remains true that the arrival of women students on the hill was inextricably linked with gaps in enrollment caused by the departure of the College Volunteers in 1861.<br /> Company I carried its large flag with honor, fighting well in most of its nineteen battles. The College Volunteers paid heavily for their idealism. Yet it was such idealism, coupled with the quickly acquired skills of hardening veterans, that preserved the Union and bequeathed to the College a noble standard by which to live and teach in following decades. In the present troubled times, the words written by Captain Ayer on the eve of the Volunteers' first battle still resonate.<br /> "The College Volunteers" are at their post and endeavoring to know and do their duty. Not now would they exchange the camp for the enjoyments and luxuries of home. But when tyranny and treason are crushed, when our Flag shall once more float triumphantly over that land which has arrived at dignity and renown beneath its fostering folds, then gladly, O so gladly, will we lay aside our arms for the peaceful vocation of civil life. Until then, pray for us. Let us look forward with hope.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2607074022889582847.post-29297697139604835292012-02-21T16:49:00.001-05:002012-02-21T16:50:56.230-05:00103 OVI Company A Volunteer List<div style="text-align: center;"><big>American Civil War Soldiers</big><br /><br /><big> 103rd OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY</big><br /><br /><big> <img src="http://webspace.webring.com/people/rm/mlewis206/union.gif" /></big><br /><big> Company A</big><br /></div><big> </big><br /> <center> CAPTAINS:<br />Isaac C. Vail<br />Norris P. Stockwell<br /><br />1ST LIEUT.<br />Dudley A. Kimball <br />James Allen<br /><br />2nd LIEUT.<br />Dewitt C. Hotchkiss<br /> James M. McWilliams<br /><br />1st SERGT<br />Michael Duncan<br /> James D. Markell<br /><br />SERGEANTS<br />Charles Sumner <br /> Elias L. Bradley<br /> Charles O. Roberts <br /> William Ross <br /> Daniel Langel <br /> Ira Henderson <br /><br />CORPORALS<br />Solomon S. Drake <br /> Edmund J. Nicholson<br /> William Stowell<br /> Joseph Perry<br /> John McKeen<br /> Wilson H. Burrell<br /> Michael Collins<br /> James Rush<br /> Ezra Brewster<br /> Charles Cole <br /> Hugh F. Goudy <br /> <big>John Stubbs</big> <br /> John B. Abraham <br /><br />PRIVATES<br />Adair, Alfred <br /> Arhilgea, George<br /> Bear, William<br /> Benedict, William C. <br /> Boyd, David <br />Brennan, John <br /> Brumley, Francis <br /> Caldwell, Charles M.<br /> Cannel, Thomas M. <br />Canfield, James <br /> Card, Joseph P. <br /> Carson, Joseph <br /> Conland, Peter <br /> Crane, John F <br /> Crawford, Robert <br />Derr, John W. <br /> Doyle, Robert <br />Dyckes, Henry <br />Eddy, Otis <br />Eldridge, William<br />Estey, Albert<br /> Furniss, Adam<br />Gee, Martin C.<br />Gooby, Matthew<br />Goudy, John<br />Gould, Franklin<br /> Hannum, Lucas<br /> Hartzell, Oliver<br /> Harrigan, Charles<br /> Hoffman, John<br /> Howard, Edward<br /> Jerome, Horace<br /> Johnson, Charles S.<br /> Kirschner, William<br /> Lawrence, Albert<br /> Lees, Alexander<br /> Losey, Harris P.<br /> Lush, Henry<br /> McAuley, Daniel<br /> McKenzie, John D.<br />McMannis, William<br /> McMillen, Andrew<br /> Martin, Elisha<br /> Milks, George<br /> Mote, James<br /> Muchler, William<br /> O'Brien, Daniel<br /> Parks, Sherwood<br /> Phillips, Thomas<br /> Reinhart, Jerry<br /> Rodgers, Amandus P.<br /> Root, Jesse H.<br /> Seaburn, Daniel<br /> Seiberling, Lloyd<br /> Seiberling, Charles<br /> Shepherd, George W.<br /> Shepherd, John<br /> Silver, William <br /> Snyder, Joseph<br /> Thompson, Benjamin F.<br /> Viers, Bazle E.<br /> Viers, Dorsey W.<br /> Walton, Jesse G.<br /> Ward, Hiram B.<br /> Watkins, Asa B.<br /> Watkins, James<br /> Weaver, Caleb<br /> Weigel, Josiah<br /> Williams, Thomas H.<br /> Workmeister, Rudolph</center>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2607074022889582847.post-75488291378777962082012-02-21T16:47:00.001-05:002012-02-21T16:52:05.322-05:00F Co.: 58th Regiment PA Militia Volunteer Infantry<div style="text-align: center;"><big>Civil War Soldiers</big><br /><big> Company F, 58th Regiment</big><br /><big> Pennsylvania Militia Volunteer Infantry</big><big></big><br /><br /><big> <img src="http://webspace.webring.com/people/rm/mlewis206/union.gif" /><br /><br /></big></div> <center>ENLIST DATE: 01 JULY 1863<br />STATE SERVED: PENNSYLVANIA<br />SIDE SERVED: UNION<br /></center><br /><br /><center> George H Bemus<br /> Frederick W Huidekoper<br /> Solomon L Kighlinger<br /> Hiram L Richmond<br /> Joseph T Chase<br /> Charles K Ellis<br /> Robert Andrews<br /> <big>Robert Adrain</big><br /> James J Davis<br /> John McMullen<br />Elias B Lee<br /> Harvey Henderson<br /> Orange Lindley <br />Thomas S McFarland <br />Henry A Bagley<br />Edward Bunchanan <br />Arthur C Huidekoper<br />Walter S Harper<br /> Conner C Selden<br />Simon Adler<br />Charles H Bagley<br /> Charles H Barber<br /> David Buchanan<br />Thomas M Bortner<br />Peter Barbour<br /> John H Bortner<br />Sylvester Breckenridge<br />George S Cullum<br />Perry Corson<br /> Francis Cole<br />Harvey C Conger<br />David P Compton<br />Henry Clump<br />Henry W Chase<br /> William L Chaffin<br /> David C Dunn<br /> Henry L Davis<br /> William H Dunn<br /> Gilbert B Eastman<br /> James D Gibson<br /> David M Gill<br /> Ansel M Gorton<br />Richard P Hastings<br />Herman J Hidekoper<br />Joseph J Hickman<br />Alvin M Hill<br /> Edward W Hathaway<br /> George K Homer<br /> John Hosmer<br />Edward B Jones<br />Jeremiah Kinniff<br /> James H Kirkpatrick<br />Arrison Keen<br /> Charles B Lewis<br />Ralph Lutton<br /> William Leiphart<br /> George Mahoney<br />William B McNeil<br />John McNamara<br />Alfred Northam<br /> Omar Nelson<br />Squire A Newbold<br /> Peter Ridle<br /> William F Randolph<br />Albert H Steele<br /> <big>Robert N Stubbs</big><br /> Edwin H Sawyer<br />Davis Swaney<br /> John A Taylor<br /> James N Voorhes<br /> Cornelius Wanhome<br />Byron Wright</center>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2607074022889582847.post-12367962977967511522012-02-21T16:45:00.000-05:002012-02-21T16:46:03.829-05:00Speech by R.N. Stubbs<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">"THE OLD SOLDIERS"</span><br style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"> written and delivered by,</span><br style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">REV. Robert Newton Stubbs</span><br style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"> at </span><br style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"> THE RECEPTION OF CO. A. 16TH REGT. P. N. G. at Corry, Pa, </span><br style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">February, 1886 </span><br /><br /></div> R-r-r-r-tat, roll of drum, blast of bugle, squeak of fife--sound the notes of the Reveille! "Fall in!" "Fall in!" and from blanket and tent rise countless ranks of brave youth. Lithe of limb, gay of heart; eyes aflame at smoke of battle; nostrils trembling at the bresth of fray; ears erect to catch the din and roar of strife. No lines of care or character have carved their siguet on the face. Hope lights the brow; the kiss of Home is u[pon the lips, like the touch of an Angel from Heaven. Like champing steeds, pawing the ground, Impatient for the charge, stands the mighty army. From Baltimore to Mexico's Gulf stretches the line. The watch fires glow upon the mountain top; the valley echoes with the sentinels' tread. The crack of rifle tells the picket is feeling for the enemy, like hungry wolf for the throat of its prey. Onward surges the line of battle. Here it smites the mountain of the foe and is burled back, shivered into spray, and roar, and gloom, and seems lost; there it rolls engulfing armies, and cities, and states, spreading so far and wide as to fairly vanish. Mists are over all the lands. Notes of sadness, warning, despair, like a nameless horror, strike the heart dumb. The Angel of Doom is aboard. Like spirits from the vasty deep roll up visions of terror. There, upon many a well fought field, are piled the slain, or writhe in gore the wounded and mangled. Thro' the mists float visions of prisons, and naked, starving soldiers. Look! There they are; emaciated, ragged, naked, distorted, toothless; fingers, toes or limbs rotted off; scurvy eaten, in those festering sores riot the maggots. There there are soldiers crawling, wriggling, staggering towards the dead line, in despair, or to that living spring, the only reminder of God amidst all the loathsome sights. Our hearts, riven the anguish, cry out, "These are our loves!"The land with a whisper like thunder says, "These are our sons!" Old Soldiers! No! You've not seen the Old Soldiers yet. Other visions come from the darkening mists. There in the heart of a great city rises a gloomy prison. The pangs of hunger have seized the vitals of those boys. The arm of thier country seems palsied, and these poor victims are to perish--not amid the glory of battle, but starved in a foul prison. In this night, rayless, hopeless, a strange wild chant floats from that prison out over the city, and makes the hearts of rebels tremble, as if an earthquake were rocking the city to dust. How it rises and falls on the trembling air; then swells into a grand wave of glory. O'er and o'er they chant it, till it is like a pean of victory. Hear it: "John Brown's body lies mouldering in the grave, But his soul goes marching on." These are the Old Solsiers that chanted the song of liberty and God while they were starving by inches. Away where the darkness gathers deeper, rises another scene. It is an awful sight within that prison pen. The stench from the stream of death flowing thro' that stockade is horrible. Soldiers are dying daily by hundreds. It is the most pitiable sight earth and heaven ever saw. It has been noised to these creatures that their government will never release them. It is promised if they will but swear allegience to Rebels, deliverance, abundance of food, and honors are at hand. What is it so strangely moves that loathsome, dying mass of stench and corruption? They wriggle, they writhe, they creep; they crawl, they stagger, they stumble. God only knows how the poor creatures get together. Hatless, coatless, pantless, shoeless, or naked. Some strange, mighty inspiration has seized them . One impulse thrills them. There are those whose eyes are already glassy. With desperate effort they whisper, withexpiring breath, "Rally!" "Rally!" It is caught up by others. Stronger, hoarser voices shout it out "Rally!" "Rally!" While clearer voices, not yet robbed of their sweetness and richness, roll it up into a mighty anthem: "Rally round the flag, boys, rally once again; Shouting the battle cry of Freedom. The Union forever, hurrah, boys, hurrah! Down with the traitors, up with the stars, While we rally round the flag, boys, rally once again, Shouting the battle cry of Freedom!" These are the Old Soldiers! Starving, they spurned the bribe of the foe; forsaken, forgotten of country, they chanted the Battle Cry of Freedom; dying, they swore fealty to the stars and stripes. These are the Old Soldiers! Here are heroisom, devotion, loyalty, courage, glory! These are the two sublimest scenes enacted in the progress of Humas Liberty. Besides these your Gettysburg, Vicksburg, and Wilderness sink into insignificance. Still the mists hang heavily over the land. But there are bursts of light that, while they make more ominous the darkness, yet give hope, for the sun seems to be rising. Listening for tidings thro' the gloom, a strange sound thrills upon the ear. It comes faint, but is like the rush and roar of some impetuous wave that engulfs and overwhelms. It is the tramp, tramp of Sherman's mighty hosts from Atlanta to the sea. While from Virginia as the iron lines of Grant enfold Richmond in the grip of death, as tho' there were a kind of fatality in the name, there rolls up the solemn chant "His Soul Goes Marching On" These are the Old Soldiers that chanted their songs of Liberty, and Country, and Victory in the night. And now the mists are clearing away; the lines are marching home. The "Fall in," "fall in" for home raises the gladness shout that ere went up to the skies. But, oh, those ranks. Thin? They are but ghosts, while the shades from unnumbered fields rise to fill the ranks. The flush of the morning is no longer on their cheeks. There is no more blooming of youth. Three years have made these boys Old Soldiers. Three years ago, smooth of brow, and not a line furrowed in their cheeks; now every face is cut and carved as tho' some genius sculptor had been at work. Every face a war map in bold relief. Would you know of Gettysburg, or Vicksburg, or Look Out Mountain, or the Wilderness? Look into the faces of these Old Soldiers, there read the story of how battles are fought and won. Old Soldiers! Father Time is thinning your ranks; giving you crutch and cane for musket and sword, and strapping upon some of your shoulders unseen knapsacks, for your forms are bent, and your gait is shuffling. Your temples he hath gently frosted. What of it Old Soldiers? Your Camp Fires are burning brightly in posts scattered from Maine to California, and song, and joke, and repartee, and fun are dancing like the flames that lighted Sherman to the sea. Who says your old? Let him come to the Camp Fires and he'll think he's with the boys. "We drink from the same canteen." How is that from these war-scarred, time-stained forms there come laughter and song? The Fraternity born of battle fields is immortal. Your hearts are light and gay, boys, but ever brave and true. the bond of union welled by the old camp fires will ne'er be broken, and i expect you'll light your camp fires on the Hills of Eternity. Old Soldiers! Time has touched you, as it touches all. War has scarred you as it will never scar the face of man again. When you were boys the kiss of love was upon your lips, as you swore leal homage to the old flag. Few indeed are the chaplets your country hath woven for your scarred brows; but a new generation is springing up whose warm kiss of love will be on your cheeks; whos chaplets of honor will crest your frosted temples ere you vanish to answer to the roll call of Eternity.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2607074022889582847.post-50551115672352941822012-02-21T16:43:00.000-05:002012-02-21T16:44:20.078-05:00Stubbs Coat of Arms<center> <img src="http://webspace.webring.com/people/rm/mlewis206/CoatofArms.JPG" /> </center> <p align="LEFT"> Historiography<br />The Stubbs Coat of Arms illustrated above was drawn by an heraldic artist from information officially recorded in ancient heraldic archives. Documentation for the Stubbs Coat of Arms design can be found in <u>Rietstap Armoial General</u>. Heraldic artists of old developed their own unique language to describe an individual Coat of Arms. In their language, the <u>Arms (shield)</u> is as follows:<br /></p><center>"Sa. on a bend betw. three pheons or,<br />as many buckles gu."</center> Above the shield and helmet is thr Crest which is described as:<br /><center>"A demi eagle displ. or, in the beak<br />a laurel branch vert."</center><br /><p align="LEFT"> When translated the blazon also describes the original colors of the Stubbs Arms and Crest as it appeared centuries ago.<br />Family mottos are believed to have originated as battle cries in medieval times. A Motto was not recorded with the Stubbs Coat of Arms.<br />Individual surnames originated for the purpose of more specific identification. The four primary sources for second names were: occupation, location, father's name, or personal characteristics. The surname Stubbs appears to be locational in origin, and is believed to be associated with the meaning, "one who lived near a prominent tree stump." The supplementary sheet included with this report is designed to give you more information to further your understanding of the origin of names. Different spellings of the same original surname are a common occurrence. Dictionaries of surnames indicate probable spelling variations of Stubbs,to be Stubb, and Stubbe. Although bearer's of the old and distinguished Stubbs name comprise a small fraction of the population there are a number who have established for it a significant place in history. They include: JOHN STUBBS (1543-1591) English Pamphleteer and devote Puritan. Wrote a pamphlet describing his disgust for the marriage of Queen Elizabeth to the Duke of Anjou. For this work he waas imprisioned for eighteen months plus he lost his right hand. He still proclaimed his loyalty to his Queen and his country. GEORGE STUBBS (1724-1806) English painter who studied and lectured at the York Hospital. He spent several years dissecting and studying the horse. Published "The Anatomy of the Horse", in which all the plates were drawn and engraved by himself. Painted dogs and horses for many people throughout England, and was elected to the Association of the Royal Academy. Many of his works can be seen in the National Gallery and the Victoria and Albert Museum. WILLIAM STUBBS (1825-1901) English historian, and Vicar of Navestock, Essex. He was the Regius Professor of modern history at Oxford, and Bishop of Chester. Author of "Constitutional History of England".and "Select Charters."<br />No genealogical representation is intended or implied by this report and it does not represent individual lineage or your family tree.<br />Until about 1100 A.D. most people in Europe had only one name (This is still true in some primitive countries today). As the population increased it became awkward to live in a village wherein perhaps 1/3 of the males were named John, another sizable percentage named William, and so forth. And so, to distinguish one John from another a second name was needed. There were four primary sources for these second names. They were: a man's occupation, his location, his faather's name or some peculiar characteristic of his.<br />Here are some examples.<br /> <u>Occupation:</u> The local house builder, food preparer, grain grinder and suit maker would be named respectively: John Carpenter, John Cook, John Miller, and John Taylor.<br /><u>Location:</u> The John who lived over the hill became known as John Overhill, the one who dwelled near a stream might be dubbed John Brook or perhaps John Atbrook.<br /><u>Patronymical (father's name):</u>Many of these surnames can be recognized by the termination-son, such as Williamson, Jackson, etc. Some endings used by other countries to indicate "son" are: Armenian - ian, Danish and Norwegian - sen, Finnish - nen, Greek - pulos, Spanish - ez and Polish - wiecz. Prefixes denoting "son" are the Welsh - Ap, the Scotch & Irish - Mac and the Norman - Fitz. The Irish O' incidentally denotes grandfather.<br /><u>Characteristics:</u> An unusually small person might be labeled Small, Short, Little or Lytle. A large man might be namd Large, Long, Lang or Longfellow. Many persons having characteristics of a certain animal would be given the animal name. Examples: A sly person might be named Fox, a filthy person - Hogg, a good swimmer - Fish etc.<br />In addition to needing aan extra name for identification, one occupational group found it necessary to go a step further. The fighting man: The fighting man of the middle ages wore a metal suit of armor for protection. Since this suit of armor included a helmet that completely covered the head, a knight in full battle dress was unrecognizable. To prevent friend from attacking friend during the heat of battle it became necessary for each knight to somehow identify himself. Many knights accomplished this by painting colorful patterns on their shields. These patterns were also woven into cloth surcoats which were worn over a suit of armor, Thus was born the term "coat-of-arms".<br />As this practice grew more popular, it became more and more likely that two knights unknown to each other might be using the same insignia. To prevent this, records were kept that granted the right to a particular pattern to a perticular knight. His family also shared his right to display these arms. In some instances, these records have been preserved and/or compiled into book form. The records list the family name and an exact description of the coat-of-arms granted to that family.<br />Interest in heraldry is increasing daily. This is especially true among people who have a measure of family pride and who resent attempts of our society to reduce each individual to a series of numbers stored somewhere in a computer. In our matter-of-fact day and age, a coat-of-arms is one of the rare devices remaining that can provide an incentive tp preserve our heritage.<br />If you are interested in a more in-depth study on this subject you can contact the genealogical department at your library. Ask for the "Dictionary of American Family Names" published by Harper and Row, also "The Surnames of Scotland" Available from the New York Public Library. </p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2607074022889582847.post-50781755122465323262012-02-21T16:42:00.000-05:002012-02-21T16:43:01.194-05:00Epidemics from 1657 to 1918<table><tbody><tr><td>YEAR</td><td> <br /></td><td> ILLINESS</td></tr> <tr><td>1657</td><td> <br /></td><td> Boston Measles</td></tr> <tr><td>1687</td><td> <br /></td><td> Boston Measles</td></tr> <tr><td>1690</td><td> <br /></td><td> New York, Yellow Fever</td></tr> <tr><td>1713</td><td> <br /></td><td> Boston Measles</td></tr> <tr><td>1729</td><td> <br /></td><td> Boston Measles</td></tr> <tr><td>1732-3</td><td> <br /></td><td> Worldwide Influenza</td></tr> <tr><td>1738</td><td> <br /></td><td> South Carolina Smallpox</td></tr> <tr><td>1739 </td><td> <br /></td><td> Boston Measles</td></tr> <tr><td>1747</td><td> <br /></td><td>CT., NY., PA., S.C., Measles</td></tr> <tr><td>1759</td><td> <br /></td><td> North America (areas inhabited by white people) Measles</td></tr> <tr><td>1760</td><td> <br /></td><td> North American & West Indies Influenza</td></tr> <tr><td>1772</td><td> <br /></td><td> North American Measles</td></tr> <tr><td>1775</td><td> <br /></td><td>North American Measles</td></tr> <tr><td>1775-6</td><td> <br /></td><td> Workdwide Influenza (One of the worst epidemics)</td></tr> <tr><td>1783</td><td> <br /></td><td> Dover, De., Bilious Disorder (extremely fatel)</td></tr> <tr><td>1788</td><td> <br /></td><td> Philadelphia and New York Measles</td></tr> <tr><td>1793</td><td> <br /></td><td> Vermont, a "Putrid" Fever and Influenza</td></tr> <tr><td>1793</td><td> <br /></td><td>Philadelphia, Yellow Fever (One of the worst epidemics) </td></tr> <tr><td>1793</td><td> <br /></td><td> Harrisburg, Pa., Unknown (Many unexplained deaths)</td></tr> <tr><td>1793</td><td> <br /></td><td> Middletown, Pa., Unknown (Many unexplained deaths)</td></tr> <tr><td>1794</td><td> <br /></td><td> Virginia Influenza (killed 500 in 5 counties in 4 weeks)</td></tr> <tr><td>1794</td><td> <br /></td><td> Philadelphia, Pa., Yellow Fever</td></tr> <tr><td>1796-7</td><td> <br /></td><td>Philadelphia, Pa., Yellow Fever</td></tr> <tr><td>1798</td><td> <br /></td><td> Philadelphia, Pa., Yellow Fever (One of the worst)</td></tr> <tr><td>1803</td><td> <br /></td><td> New York Yellow Fever</td></tr> <tr><td>1820-3</td><td> <br /></td><td> Nationwide Fever (Starts at Schuylkill River and spreads)</td></tr> <tr><td>1831-2</td><td> <br /></td><td> Nationwide Asiatic Cholera (Brought by English emigrants)</td></tr> <tr><td>1832</td><td> <br /></td><td>New York City and other major cities, Cholera</td></tr> <tr><td>1833</td><td> <br /></td><td> Columbus, Ohio, Cholera</td></tr> <tr><td>1834</td><td> <br /></td><td> New York City, Cholera</td></tr> <tr><td>1837</td><td> <br /></td><td> Philadelphia, Typhus</td></tr> <tr><td>1841</td><td> <br /></td><td> Nationwide Yellow Fever (Especially severe in the south)</td></tr> <tr><td>1847</td><td> <br /></td><td> New Orleans, Yellow Fever</td></tr> <tr><td>1847-8</td><td> <br /></td><td> Worldwide Influenza</td></tr> <tr><td>1848-9</td><td> <br /></td><td> North American Cholera</td></tr> <tr><td>1849</td><td> <br /></td><td> New York, Cholera</td></tr> <tr><td>1850</td><td> <br /></td><td> Nationwide Yellow Fever</td></tr> <tr><td>1850-1</td><td> <br /></td><td> North American Influenza</td></tr> <tr><td>1851</td><td> <br /></td><td> Coles Co, Ill., The great Plains and Missouri, Cholera</td></tr> <tr><td>1852</td><td> <br /></td><td> Nationwide Yellow Fever (New Orleans, 8000 die in summer)</td></tr> <tr><td>1855</td><td> <br /></td><td> Nationwide Yellow Fever</td></tr> <tr><td>1857-9</td><td> <br /></td><td> Worldwide Influenza (One of the largerst epidemics)</td></tr> <tr><td>1860-1</td><td> <br /></td><td>Pennsylvania, Smallpox</td></tr> <tr><td>1865-73</td><td> <br /></td><td> Philadelphia, N. Y., Boston, New Orleans, Smallpox, <br />Baltimore, Memphis, Washington D.C., Cholera and a series of recurring epidemics of Typhus, Typhoid, Scarlet Fever and Yellow Fever</td></tr> <tr><td>1878</td><td> <br /></td><td> New Orleans Yellow Fever ( Last greqt Epidemic)</td></tr> <tr><td>1885</td><td> <br /></td><td> Plymouth, Pa., Typhoid</td></tr> <tr><td>1886</td><td> <br /></td><td>Jacksonville, Florida, Yellow Fever</td></tr> <tr><td>1918</td><td> <br /></td><td> Influenza (Worldwide more people were hospitalized in WW1 from this epidemic than wounds. US Army training camps became death camps, with 80% dewath rate in some camps.</td></tr></tbody></table>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2607074022889582847.post-45197985263790339782012-02-21T16:40:00.000-05:002012-02-21T16:41:44.942-05:00Oelwein High School Class of 1922<div style="text-align: center;"><b><big>OELWEIN HIGH SCHOOL</big></b><br /><b><big> CLASS OF 1922 </big></b><br /><br /><img src="http://webspace.webring.com/people/rm/mlewis206/TeachersDesk.gif" /><br /><b>CLASS COLORS</b><br />Lavender and Rose<br /><br /><b>CLASS FLOWER</b><br />Sweet Pea<br /><br /><b>CLASS MOTTO</b><br />Love, Labor and Laugh<br /><br /> William Lowell Adair<br />* Viola Elizabeth Adair<br />* Dorothy E. Albright<br />* Maurine Alice Bogart<br />Gladys Marie Borland<br />Marjorie Laura Brownell<br />Hazel Marjorie Chambers<br />*+ Gertrude O. Clark<br />Lona Ann Cooney<br />Richared D. Day<br />Ruby Duckett<br /> Kenneth L. Feemster<br />William Dale Garrison<br />Hetty Muriel Glenn<br />* Ann Elizabeth Hendershott<br />Leona Marguerite Hilderbrand<br />David E. Hoover<br />* Earl Noble House<br />*+ Ann Mary Jipson<br />Gerald De Los Kint<br />* Frances Knickerbocker<br />John J. Mealey<br />* Harold F. Morey<br />* Lelah Marvel Mcgoon<br />* John R. McBride<br />Charles A. Neff<br />Gladys E. Obenchain<br />Dorothy Alice Pattison<br />* Mildred Corrine Pickering<br />Rex B. Rathbun<br />+ Margaret Hyacinthe Ross<br />+ Alice Maroa Sayles<br />Marian Schlumbohm<br />G. Arthur Schneider<br />Otto G. Schmidt<br />+ Anna M. Seedorf<br />* Walter E. Shields<br />+ Esther Helen Shields<br />* Mae Belle Sorenson<br />Howard Wallace Sprague<br />+ Hazel Christina Stover<br /><big>Frederick Stevenson Stubbs</big><br />* Corrine Elizabeth Tennant<br />Marian Isabelle Thompson<br />Albert E. Werdell<br />Gadys L. White<br /><br />*----Pupils entitled to graduate at mid-year<br />+----Normal training students</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2607074022889582847.post-67874243147864915672012-02-21T16:34:00.001-05:002012-02-21T16:37:28.902-05:00Letter from Thos. and Mary Williams: June 1855<div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-style: italic;">One of Four Known Letters sent by John Stubbs, his daughter, Mary, and son-in-law Thomas Williams, of Kendal, Westmorland, England to his son, Reverend Thomas Stubbs, a Wesleyan Methodist Minister, in the United States of America.</span><br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">From: Thomas and Mary Williams<br />Kendal, England</span><br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: right;">June 1855<br /></div>Dear Brother, We received your kind letter about 21 days after date and was very glad to hear of your welfare, but I canot say it is So with us. Your Father is not So very well. He has got very infirm he is not able to write to you, he has tryed two or three times and could make nothing of it. He has had a very Bad Winter. We never thought that he would live through the winter. He had a very sever an atack of what we called the Influenza, witch took away his facultyes and allmost the use of limbes, but in a few weeks he came round Again but cant walk much. It is very difficult for him to git up Stairs of himself. He can walk two three hundred yards, but that with great difficulty. But it is no wonder when we consider his number of years, he will be 90 the next month. We think it a very great age in this Country what ever you may think of it in yours. The reason we did not write sooner was your Father being taken Poorly in The begining of Winter, theirfor we did not know might take place aney day. So I hope you will Excuse. You Say you have had very hard winter with you. So with us and a very Long Spring, hard Frost till into May and then very cold dry winds all through May till into June. All fodder eaten and no gras for the catel. Everything extreemly dear - flour 3/10 per Stone and Potatoes 11 and very bad, and all other things accordingly. So you will see we have hard times as well as you. And then their is the destructive war going on distroing boath life and property and an increce of taxes and trade Bad. Kendal is a very poor Place. A great deal of houses and Shops Standing Emty witch is a great proof that a town his not improving when So many Shops and houses is to Lett. But Thank God we are in Good health. That is my Self and my wife. Your Sister Mary keepes very active of Feet and can do her House Work and Bind Boot and Shoes very well yet, but much Plagued with the Cramp in her feet and legs in the Night Time. You wanted to know how The Reformers were Coming on. They are Still Carving us a Seprate Body and made great progres in Some parts of this Country but not in Kendal. They had a Society formed in this town, had Preaching twice on a Sunday in a large Room and cept it up for two or three years. But after a while Some of the leading men Began to fall off and then the Congration fell of, So they gave up the Room and Came back to the old Body and Some joined The Ranters and other Places. We Considerd the Preachers behaved very Badley to many of Members, turned them out without any trial but because they went to hear the reformers Speak at their meetings. Your Father has not been a member of the old Body this two or three years or more. They witheld his Class Book because he went to here the reformers Speak and they Placed him up on the Platform but he did not Speak. You know his Princpels their are libral. Their is onley thin congrations in The Methodist Chaple at present. The Preachers are no visitors, they never go among the poor but they will find it out after a while that it will not do. They have lost many Thousands the last two or three years. Your Father cant be laid beside your Mother in The Chapel Yard it is Closed as a bureing Ground. So is The old Church Yard. They are making a new cemetery up Cocklane leading to Castle just over The Gashouse Bridg. Two large fields one on eac side of the lane, one for the Church and the other for The Decenters, and two neat littel Chaples. It will be a beautifull Place when finished. We have had Robert Sandersons wife and two children over from Preston a few Days. One of the Children is very delicate. Meg thought that a littel Kendal Air would do it good. So it did. Robert did not get over as was expectd. He mised the the Train on the Sunday morning as it Starts very earley, witch was a great disapointment to boath sides. Margret Sanderson left her Place in Preston two months ago but She is gon Back to live with her Brother Till She gets a nother place. We were to Remember John Brough to you when we wrote to you. He and Family is gon to live in Wales. He is gon into partnership with a jentelman in the drainage pipe Business in very Extensive way. John dose nothing but Travel. Our Elizabeth and fameley is all well. They wish to be rememberd to you all. Her third Son John Can reed Music and Play Organ. I have Sould them mine. Your Uncle William is still living but very infirm. He is at Barnard Castle. Robert and Rachel Sanderson wishes to be remberd to you and the rest of her Children when you See them. Give our United Love to all. So I must Conclude by Wishing you health and happness in this World and Evelasting Life in the World to Come. Every yours truly your Father<br /><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">John Stubbs and </span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Thos and Mary Williams</span><br /></div> </div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2607074022889582847.post-90040508205679982762012-02-21T16:31:00.001-05:002012-02-21T16:33:29.156-05:00Letter from Rev. John Stubbs: September 1849<div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-style: italic;">One of Four Known Letters sent by John Stubbs, his daughter, Mary, and son-in-law Thomas Williams, of Kendal, Westmorland, England to his son, Reverend Thomas Stubbs, a Wesleyan Methodist Minister, in the United States of America.</span><br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">From: John Stubbs Kendal, England</span><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /><div style="text-align: right;">September 19, 1849<br /></div>My verry Dear Son Daughter with all your children with my grandaughter and my great grand children<br /> my Prayers shall be offered up for you all as long as long as I retain my Faculties or am a probationer here below. Your Father is now well stricken in years it's not likely that I shall be permitted long to continue in this Vale of Tears. But I resinedly can say thy will be done. This is the Lords mercy I have been now above four years incapable of dowing any thing for my support yet the Lord has taken care of me, blessed be his Holy Name. Had I a thousand years yet more to spend on this teumultious shore, I would them all resign to him who has my benefacture been. When I looke at by gone years what the Lord has done for me and wrought in me I cannot help saying goodness and mercy hath followed me all my Days. My remnant of Days I'll spend in his Praise Who did the whole World Redeme. Be they maney or few my Days are this View and shall all be Devoted to him.<br /> I was over In Ravenstonedale at a Lovefest in June, my Nephew wished me to go over to see them once again. I went on the Railroad to Tebay in Orton Parrish and walked the other Eight Miles. When I returned they brought me to the station. I do not think that there is half of the inhabitence in Ravenstonedale there was fifty four years ago when we left it. On the 10th of June I was at whinfell had to talk in to the people abought Eternal things, o how solom is the work. And on the 19th of August was again at Whinfell stayed each time one week with them. I was appointed to Gatebeck on the First of July and the 9th of September. Tarried with them one week each time. I looke upon this as a great kindness to a superaneuated old Man.<br /> August 26th Went to Setbergh for Joseph Severs, he being out of health. It was 10 years since I had spoken in Setbrgh Chapel. Some of my old friends was glad to see me and I believe to hear me. I know it is no common thing to hear an Old man Addressing a publick congregation upon the most momentious subjects in the World. I got Tee at Edward Birkits Widdows, she livs in a verry good House close to the Church yard, keeps boarders, has a servant. I look upon her as a clever woman. She would have a little of my hare to keepe. When you write to Edward you may let him know she thinks highely of him.<br /> I have to tell you strange as it may appar to you, I walked to Sebergh. I sertanly wanted a chance to rest my Leggs. Mr. Severs intended that I should go by the railroad. I thought If I cannot Earne any thing with my Hands I will try to do it with my Feete. So I saved the money, Came home on the Monday I walked, the Day was extreamly hot. Changed my shirt when I got home for it was wet, very wet. Went to bed laid 18 houres, Rose well in health, Blessed be the Name of the Lord for all his mercies to Me.<br /> I have not done with retailing to you my Travels. There was affresh opening of the Chapel at Beethwaite Green As they have got a new galery made. Both Thomas William and your Father was their. When the Meeting was over Robert Gibson tooke my home in his gig. I had a plesant weeke with the Family he livs at Arnside Tower has a large Farme. It is [stelence?] of Fighting Cocks you know where that is unless you have forgott. We used to go their in the bathing season. When I came home they brought me in their convaience untill I wanted Six Miles and three quarters of home. Came through Lovers Park, got something to Eate under one of the overgrone trees surrounded with Bucks and does, had time to contempolate what almighty Hand had done all those things. Got well home Blessed be god for all his mersis To Me. And now I wish to convay to you through this Letter my Sumer Excursions. I think that you will Wounder what the Lord has inabled Me to perform. I have bane thinking that you would be tired with the Letter and so I will conclude this subject.<br /> Your Sister Mary has ben out of Health for Two Months with an excruating pain in her Head. She was worn down with pain Night and Day, but is a little better for which I am thankful to the Lord. She has lost maney of her Teth so that age is comming upon her. Thomas is Well so is Rachel and Robert. Margret their youngest daughter is at home. Robert is for biding in England till he can save money to bring him to Americk. All things is uncertan, I hear The Colra is carrying maney of this stage in to the invisable World. Tamely in the Midst of Life we are in Death. Thomas is upon Tramp Seeking work, James is yet an apprintes, Elizabeth is not up from her Confinement of her sixt Child, Andrew Grahams wife is Dedd. She used to meet with me in clas when they lived in Kendal. You will be suprised to know that Betty Banks is Married to Mr. Castel They live at Bowness. He has five children, Three are grown up, so you see there is nothing but change in this Life. Isabella Staintone is still living at Stavely with her Father and Mother in Law.<br /> I lately had a letter from Ann Dixson from Manchester. She says that her father is in a pour state of health and that they feel [moved?] on his account and well they may for he has been an indulgant Father to them all. She wanted to know when we had had a letter from Americk. If spared I shall return her an answere shortely. My Dear Sone Be a faithful ambasider for christ. May heavens Blessing rest upon you all, Amen<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-style: italic;">[This part assumed to be from Thos and Mary Williams]</span><br style="font-style: italic;"></div> Mr. Antony Barnes has ben over at Kendal, he apeard quite a gentleman. He enquired after you. We gave him your Letter to Read. He gave me half a crown to act Baceo with. Likewise John Bruff has bee over at Kendal. He is very Jolly he is like a lanlord. Your cusin Thomas Stubbs is gone to Australia so we shall see him no more. Margredt Watson sends her kind Love to you. She still lives with Ann Brokebank. She has layen twenty yeares in bed. They live up our yard. Mary Granbank still inquires after you. She lives with Mrs Jennings of Fell Side. We received your Nusepapers While I was writing to you. I see the Death of Walter Prescot. How short and unsertain are all things hear. May the Lord spare your life to your family and the Church. Give our kindest love to Mary Cooke we were glad to hear that she is well.<br /> <br /><span style="font-style: italic;">This letter was addressed to: Rev'd Thos Stubbs, Wesleyan Minister, Cleveland, Ohio, America</span></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2607074022889582847.post-28433398382629358722012-02-21T16:27:00.000-05:002012-02-21T16:29:42.537-05:00Letter from Rev. John Stubbs: May 1847<div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-style: italic;">One of Four Known Letters sent by John Stubbs, his daughter, Mary, and son-in-law Thomas Williams, of Kendal, Westmorland, England to his son, Reverend Thomas Stubbs, a Wesleyan Methodist Minister, in the United States of America.</span><br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">From: John Stubbs Kendal, England</span><br /></div><b><br /></b><div style="text-align: right;">May 2nd, 1847<br /><div style="text-align: left;">Dear Son,<br /></div></div><p style="text-align: justify;"> I have to apologise for not returning you an answer no sooner, the chief hindronce was the Declining health of Isabella's Husband. He Died on the Fourth of April and and was interd on the Eight. They lived very happy together. Their Child is ten months old. How little there is to set down on in this life, all is changable in this Life. Isabella's Husband died, well he is far from a World of grief and sin.<br /> Elizabeth is Confined of ther fifth Son she was not able to be at the Funeral of her sister's Husband. Mary and Rachel are in health at Present thank the Lord for there can be no enjoiments of the Blessings of this Life without Health. Thomas Williams and Robert Sanderson are both Well. Margret, Rachel's youngest Daughter, has been with Isabella many weks since her Husband began to grow worse. Thomas Robert and James Sanderson, Rachel's sons are all well.<br /> And with regard to your Father I am a wonder to my Self, when I looke back to by gone Days, what a delicat man I was for some years and yeate I live that my lengthened Life may be a life of faith in the Son of God who Loved me and gave himself for Me. I was at Mrs. Jenniens on Sunday the Leventh of April talking to them of the things of god. I walked thither and the same came home and the same day shuerly the Lord helped Me. Mrs. Jennines is a fine old Lady she is in her Eighty sixt year and has all her Facelties. Mary Greenbank is with her. I asked concerning Hasterwell's family. Mary told me that her Father Lived with Martha. Likewise Martindale (that is his mother) lives with them. They live 2 miles south of Bowness. Martha's oldest child is Twelve years old and she has Ten Children the last are Twins so you see our woman are verry prolifick. I made inquiry the Age of Marys Father they thought that he was about seventy. He is not what we call an old man. My granddaughter livs next door to her that livs in Stavely Betty Swinbank her husband is a Tailor their Daughter was only married a few months till her Husband Died.<br /> John Matthews and Eve that lived with you while you were in Liverpool are begun business in the grosery line and appear likely to do well. She makes a verry careful industrous wife. They have no children. They sende their kind Love to you.<br /> Since I wrote to you last, many are gone of the stage of Time into the Boundless ocen of Eternity. You knew William Elwood who lived at the Spittle, he is dead some months Since. Robert Lowrance Family has been in the tipus Feever, first one and then another, from first to last of their suffering was seeventiene weeks yet they were all spared with Life. Young Robert they stood over him a whole Day expecting his death every minute but he recovered to the wonder of all that saw him. This Winter and Spring has been frought with sickness and Death. Many Children have Died. And old Peopel likewise. When I indeavour to write you a few Lines. I think before these get to a merica I may be in a nother World, for what is our Life but a Vaper that appeareth but a littel Time and then Vanisheth away.<br /> This year has been attended with many Difficulties for the poor people of this Nation. It has beene a long and hard frost But no much Snow at Kendal. We have still high markets Provisions are very High. Flour 4 Shillings. Meal when Baked into Bread 4.3.10 per stone. Butter has been one and twopence Per Pound. Eggs Eight for sixpence. Potatoes one Shilling and Eightpence Per Stone. How often we have made light of Potatoes. But now they are a feast. With regard to Ireland that People has been much worse off than the English. Shuerly this Calamity has overtaken us because of our sins. And I am afraid that our sufferings are not over. We have had a Coulered Woman from Americk Preaching in Kendal. She was not Permited to Preach in our Chapel, as she had no proper credenciels. She is now in Lancaster. I was invited to tea where she was. She has Published her Experience. There is some wonderful things in it as I have had the oppertunity of reading it. Some things that people will not believe.<br /> With regard to religion in Kendal I cannot say that we are Prospering, Neither do I think that there is prosperity in any other place of Worship in the Town. Instead of humbling us with regard to the scarsety we have had. I think we are more careless. But as a Nation and People I think that our Calamity is not over. The Line of Rail-Rode Between Lancaster and Carlisle was opened so'month ago. The Line from Oxenholm - Bowness was opened on the 14th of April. It was what we call a great Day in Kendal. Thomas and Mary was their. There was a larg number of people. The Day was verry fine, the sun verry imposing. It took half an Hour in gowing. But in their return twenty minits. Their now in hands in making a Reservoier at the high side of Birds Park To bring soft water in pipes to Kendal. So that every family may have it into their houses who chous. For this Convenience they must pay for it that has it. Mr. Raine told me that he was in London at Nine o clock Last night And that he was in Kendal at Eight Next morning, this is rapid work. What changes in Less than a Centery. I can just remember the Pack Horses come by our place, I was a verry little Boy. The roads wa not made passible for carts and wagons. I think that in a few years to come they will not be wanted. It is astonishing what a quantity of Good is convayed in a single traine.<br /> And what are all these things to a dying Man like your Father. Thomas Scott Daughter Husband Is Dead and left his Widdow with two children. She was married verry young. So true is that Scripture, Hear we have no continuing City How necesary to seeke one to come. I must Draw my epistle to a Close, and comend you to God and the Word of his grace. Give our kind love to Mary Cooke her Husband and Children. May the Blessing of Heaven rest upon Both Families is and shall be the Prayer of your Loving Father, <span style="font-weight: bold;">John Stubbs</span>.<br /><br /> Let us Have an answer to this epistle as soone as your Conferance is over. I know that it shall be well with them that Fear God. Fare Well<br />Edward Birkett Widdows was over at Kendal. She wanted to know how to write to Edward. She thinks highly of Edward. She is now Living in Sedberg so that if he will faver her with a Letter it will be a comfort to her.<br /> Dear Brother,<br />I have just a few words to say at the end of your Fathers letter. That is we are all well in Health witch is a great Blessing. You will see in the above letter that Bell has lost her Husband. She is now coming to live with her Father and her Mother in the same yard with us. She apears to bear the berevment with resignation to the Devine will. Excuse any more as the sheet is Full. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Thos Williams</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2607074022889582847.post-21634949495149023492012-02-21T15:53:00.003-05:002012-02-21T16:00:37.912-05:00Letter from Rev. John Stubbs: November 1841<div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-style: italic;">One of Four Known Letters sent by John Stubbs, his daughter, Mary, and son-in-law Thomas Williams, of Kendal, Westmorland, England to his son, Reverend Thomas Stubbs, a Wesleyan Methodist Minister, in the United States of America.</span><br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">From: John Stubbs Kendal, England</span><br /></div><b><br /></b><div style="text-align: right;">November 15th, 1841<br /></div><br />My very dear Children grand children and great grand children.<br />It is with the greatest pleasure that I sit down to write to you. After many wishes desires and prayers for a Letter from you we wear at last gratified with a Letter from you, when I have seen the Letter carrier week after week enter into s'maney houses and still none for us it made me conclude that something must be wrong. Sometimes I thought you had never got our Letter, and other times I thought of the shortness and uncertinty of Life that you might be gon the way of all Flesh. But thanks be to that kind Hand that has lengthened out your span of existence, and are spared to your family, and to the Church of God.<br /> You cannot know how I long that you may be a great good and useful Teacher of the gospel of Christ Jesus our Lord. The Lord has made you a Blessing to many all ready and if your life should be spared another Twenty Years what good may be accomplished by the Blessing of God for that part of the world where thy lot may be cast. I know that in your youth you had not the advantage of a librel Education Like many in the ministry. Nevertheless it is not the profoundest Logision nor the greatest retrition perhaps that bringeth most souls to God. I am sertain that God has given the a Tallent use it to the glory of the giver. A dispensation of The Gospel is committed to you, and as the apostel of the gentiles saith Woe unto Me if I Preach not the Gospel.<br /> I was gratified with that part of your Letter where you modesty hoped you are not a cumberer of the ground. No God forbid it. Work while it is Day the Night commeth when we cannot work. If you felt the longing [?] which I sometimes feel to liv my life over that I might be of some use to my fellow men. Tho I hope as you say I trust I have not all together been a cumberer of the ground. I know that an Itenerrent preacher has many things to grapple with contrary to flesh and blood, but still there is strength according to our Day. The Christian Minister I considder is a general for king Jesus, and I am sure there never was a Time when there stood more need of faithful disintrested men then at present.<br /> Then my Dear Son cry alloud spare not lift up thy voice as a Trumpet shew the people their transgressions and the house of Jacob their sins. I never had a greater desire to do some good in the World then I have at the present, but my Day is gone I cannot travel as I used to do. I go to MealBank to talk to the people and to UnterBarrow and I have not been at Stavely this summer. In our present [plan] Im [written] down once for that place. If I am spared with life and health till Christmas I shall go to End Moor. I generly stay a few Days, Last year I preached three times while I stayed with them. This last summer I went over to Ranvenstonedale to see your Unkel Thomas. He is a verry feeble Man if he lives till Christmas he will 81 years old.<br /> I went to Sedbergh with John Buterworth in his carr. Stayed all night at Sedbergh and walked to Ravenstonedale. It was our quarter day it was held at Sedbergh our people had a Mission Meeting in Cautley but the Evening being so wet I did not go I stayed all night at Sedbergh. The next morning when I was on the way to Ravenstonedale I met our preacher Jonathan Kershaw. Edward Burket two sons just before the quarter day they had got a letter from their Brother Edward. I met them in Cautley Lane and they read Me his Letter. I assure you I was very much disapointed Because neither you nor your family was not mentioned. He complained having a hard year having many to turn out of [Souty?] but said it would be easier for them that followed him, his Language was I thought, verry fine, he is no common writer so I believe he will be no common Preacher. His brother that is with his father in manchester is astonishing Preacher allreddy. The day after we received your Letter Edward Birkett had been over at Sedbrgh and called at our house he wanted to know if we had got a letter from you, we gave him your letter to read I told him that his son must come to a Merick, as you said if we had any good local Preachers to send them to you, he said that his Sone was often emploied for the Preachers in Manchester, so you may be sure he is ayoung man of Tallent.<br /> When I was in Ravenstonedale your cousin and your father went one day to Kirkby Stephen to see their new Chaple. It is a prity chapel and a sunday scool atatched to it and they have got a nice Methodist Chapel in Ravenstonedale. Such a thing I never expected to see. I preached to them on the Sonday Night. So you see that we made some progress in our land in the midst of the greatest opposihon. In Kendal our opposihon is from the Church. They rob us of our Sonday Schoolers. They have built a fine Sunday Scool close to the Carpet Shop and they intend to drane our Sonday School. We have nothing but opposition in Kendal both with regard to Church and State, but the people in Kendal is as Blue as ever. When will that Day arive when envy and malis shall dye and discord afflict us no more.<br /> I have lately beane reading the Student's guid by the Rev. John Todd Author of Lecters to Children. I red the lecters to Children when I was in manchester, you will recolect in my letter to you that I had bean one month in Manchester. I was pleased with the contents of that Book and am not less so with this. In the 16teene page of student's guide he tells the student that they must calculate on improving through life. He says Newton was in his eighty fifth year improving his Chronology. That givs me some hope that I may yet make some improvements in divinety.<br /> The Revrent Todd says that the Student is more likely to forgett their friends then their friends is to forget them. I feele glad that you have not forgotten us. I admire that Letter a student writes to his widied mother. He portrayd your mother so xactly that it made me weepe, he says there sits my mother on the right of the Table with her knitting and a book before her and now she glances her eyes from the work on Paper to that on her needel now counts the loupes and then puts her eyes to the Book, and starts of for another round. I'll assure you this Natteral letter affected me it is the most natrul letter I have ever read.<br /> I forgot to tell you that Edward Berkitt their Sone is a very promising local preacher. I have herd him at Kendal. If he keeps humble he will be useful in his day. It appears to me that there will be no lack of young men enter into the ministry, and as there is great openings abroad yet still I believe that there will be young men raised up to proclame to the world the uncearchabel [ritch?] of Christ.<br /> I have just been to E Burtons to hear Jabus Letter that they had got from Africa. I thought it would Please thee to hear of his welfare they only got it the other week. But to my surprise he is no more in this world. His Mother did nothing but weepe while I remained with her. I remember thy words in one of your Letters. You were afraid that Jabus was going to a premature Grave. Europians cannot stand the climate of Africk.<br /> Now I ahve to informe you of the Death of Wm. Beadle he died in August In twenty hours confindment of an inflamation in the bowels. His sufferings was great. He died in the Lord. What is our Life it is but as a vaper which appeareth for a little while and vanisheth away.<br /> No father would be more glad to see you and hear you preach then yours but that is not lik to bee. Still keep up the Eunion between God andyour own soul then I know you will be useful to your fellow Men. Use every prudent means to preserve your health. You have a rising Familly to take care of. May the Lord preserve your health and Life, shall be the prayer of your Father.<br /> Your unkl is still living at Bows when he is at home. He was over in summer. His sone William is at Aukland. He has lately lost his employ and has been lying sick but is recovered. He could not have lost his work at a worse time for Trade was never worse. His son Thomas livs in Manchester, he has a little shop and I trust is dowing prity well. When I was there they appeared comfortable. Joseph livs in Aukland nigh his Brother William. Ann and her Husband livs at Prestone, they live very unhapply Mary and her husband live at Stavely. He is one of our local Preachers. He is a verry sensible man.<br /> You ask the question concerning Robert and Rachel with regard to religion, they neither of them Joine the methodists but constantly hear them. Robert is the foreman over all Mr Wakefields works. Isabella is at home. She is verry tender. It is hard work for her to walk to Kendal. Elizabeth and her husband is now living at Staveley. He was the best Bass singer we had in The Methodist Society. They have Two fine Boys as can be seen. Thomas is prentes to Mr Wakefield. He is learning the trade of a couper that is to make powder casks. Young Robert is prentesed to a groser in Prestone. James goes to school. Margret is a fine girle like her sister Bella.<br /> You have not told us any perticl concerning your children. How Isabella is growing in knowledg in stature nor the rest of the Children how they are? we could like to know If your Wife has her health well and what children you have. I could like to hear from you once a quarter while I live. If Mary and her husband would write one quarter and you another I think this might be easly done. As for my selfe I enjoy tolerabel health thank the Lord. My [great?] business is to prepare for another and a better world. I bless God. The sting of Death is gone. I am happy in his love But I want to be filled with all the blessings of God. The Lord Bless you and be with you all and may not one soul of you be wanting when he makes up his Jewels. Amen<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">------------------<br /><div style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: justify;">Dear Brother<br />You See I have not much room left me for what I have to say your father having taken up all the sheet as I have not much good news to tell you theirfor I shall refrain from saying much at present. As regards our trade we never experienced such a year as this. Nothing but distress on every side. Littel trade & what trade we have could not get our money witch makes it more difficulty and more unplesant. But thank God he gave us health and Strength to labour & preserves us in the land of the living.<br /> You made inquirer is I had my organ yeat and if I still played the double Bass yeat. All things is as they were when you left us. I am in the same place in the Singing Seat as usual with the D Bass and the organ is just in the same place but the Singing Seat has regards the people that is in it is much chainged. I think their is non remaing in it but two or three that you know. There is your old friend ned Gregg as we used to call him & the two Germans William & Edward. Ann Wilson continues to Set with us [?] thare A and Ann [Ra------?] praying as usual in the meeting but Ann is often very poorly.<br /> My Wife & me were at Stavley yeasterday Seeing Elizabeth & the children. It is but 3 weeke since they Left us. I felt much at parting with them we got much attached to the Children. They have lived with us more than two years but they are likely to be nicely situated if they have health. They send their kind respects to you all. Rachel was here on Saturday. When we read to her your letter She appeard to be very much put out of the way about Mary not writing to them oftnen. She thinks that Mary has forgot her parents. She might find as much time in 12 months to write to them. She need not shame with her Letters they can reed them very well. Her Mother thinks if she had been in England She might have Spared as much time as to have wrote a letter. Theirfor I hope you will press upon her to write to her Father & Mother as soon as posible and lett them know every particular.<br /> You wanted to know what News would cost in England from America. I belive not more than 2 pence each week. Should glad of the opertunity of Seeing what is going on in your Country. In that way we often See the Christian Advocate through the Medium of Mr Edward Burton.<br /> Your wife's father is still living. He is come to his daughters at Shap. He often talks about you. He his in his 74 year and is very fresh considering his years. JP Farrer wife is dead, was buried only the last weeke. Mrs. Jenings Sister Mrs. Hstwell is dead about 2 months since. Nancey Rigg wishes to be rememberd to you. She has lost her Son William, he died this last Summer. Hanah Matthewed formerly Farrer Sends her kindest love to. She lives in the same yard with us. M Watson lives in the same yard with us. She Sends her kindest respect to you.<br /> Betty Banks wishes to be particularly rememberd to you. She [was?] disapointed you do not Say more about Isabella and So do we all. We Should like to here directly from her. We expect She will be able to do so by this time. We were calculating her Age, we find She will be 19 the next month. Mrs [Hawknegg?] Send her kind Love to you. I must be under the nessity of concluding for want of room. We all join in the kindest love to you all.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: right;"> <span style="font-weight: bold;">Thos and Mary Williams</span><br style="font-weight: bold;"></div><br /><br /><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-style: italic;">The address on the envelope reads:</span><br style="font-style: italic;"><span style="font-style: italic;"> Rev'd Tho's Stubbs, Poland, Trumbull County, State of Ohio, North America.<br /><br /></span></div></div></div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2607074022889582847.post-26406308093870969002012-02-21T15:48:00.001-05:002012-02-21T15:49:51.631-05:00Last Will and Testament of Mary Stubbs<span style="font-style: italic;">Mary Stubbs' will does not appear to have been probated. She would outlive her husband and daughter, Jane Miles. John would end up with, at least, her mahogany bureau. We have no idea who "Jane Andrews" is or what her relationship was with the family. Mary Lewis (2nd Great granddaughter) now has the Napkin Ring and her sister Barbara has the Paisley Shawl. I have no idea of the whereabouts of any of the other items mentioned below. A copy of this will was found at the Cuyahoga County Archives.</span><br /> <center><br /><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-weight: bold; font-family: verdana;">MY WILL</span></span></center><div style="text-align: justify;"> I, Mary Stubbs of Cleveland Ohio, do in the name of my Creator give and bequeath to my beloved husband Thomas Stubbs my house and lot No 67 Whitman Street Cleveland, 63 feet front, with the furniture therein contained, for his use during his natural life, or if he should be disposed to sell the property, the proceeds to be placed in good security, the principal to remain unused, and he to receive the interest. Or if he is disposed to place the principal in possession of his children, according to each one's shares, and such to give his or her note, so that he can draw the interest during his life, that however is left for him to decide. I bequest to Chase Stubbs, son of R.N. Stubbs, two hundred dollars, on account of his permanent affliction, and that which remains to be divided equally between Jane B. Miles, James. E. Stubbs, R.N. Stubbs, Jabez B. Stubbs. I also give an bequeath to my daughter Jane B. Miles my Mahogany Bureau, also all my wearing apparel to dispose of as she thinks proper with the exception of my Paisley Shawl which I give to Letitia Stubbs. I also give to Jane B. Miles (3) Three silver tea spoons, (1) One silver sugar spoon, (1) One plated table spoon, and (3) Three plated Forks, & my gold breast pin. I give to John Stubbs (2) Two silver tea spoons, (2) Two plated tea spoons, (1) One plated sugar spoon, (2) Two plated forks, and (1) one plated table spoon. I give to James E. Stubbs (2) Two silver tea spoons, (2) Two plated tea spoons, (2) Two plated forks, and (1) One plated table spoons. I also give to R.N. Stubbs (2) Two silver tea spoons, (2) Two plated tea spoons, (2) Two plated table spoons, and (3) Three plated forks. I give to Jabez B. Stubbs, (3) Three silver teaspoons, (1) One plated table spoon, and (2) Two plated forks. I give to Letitia Stubbs my silver breast pin. And to Maria Stubbs, wife of J.E. Stubbs, my napkin ring, and to James E. Stubbs my Caster. To R.N. Stubbs my Tate a Tate, to Jane B. Miles the White China with the waiter, and to John Stubbs the Whatnot, and to Jane Andrews (1) one silver tea spoon. All these articles to remain as long as he keeps house, with the exception of the shawls, breast pins, napkin ring, and the tea spoon to Jane Andrews to be given at my decease. If he viz. my husband, be disposed to let other things go to the persons named at my decease that is left for him to act according to his pleasure.<br />I hereby appoint my husband and my son J.E. Stubbs as my executors of my last will & testament.<br /></div><div style="text-align: right;"> <span style="font-weight: bold;">Mary Stubbs</span><br /> Acknowledged by J.D. Johnson, Wm. C. Storer<br /> March 30, 1876<br /> Death Source: Cuyahoga Co, Ohio Death Records</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2607074022889582847.post-88170410204670335612012-02-21T15:43:00.001-05:002012-02-21T15:45:45.285-05:00Last Will and Testament of Rev. Thomas Stubbs<span style="font-style: italic;">The Rev. Thomas Stubbs' will was probated in the Cuyahoga County Probate Court on February 13, 1884, having been written on August 26, 1873. It was probated by Jabez, with John being listed as Thomas' only next of kin who was a resident in Ohio. Jane has already died, Mary (his wife) would live for another two years. Edward Fankell and his children are the husband and children of Isabella Stubbs Fankell, Thomas' daughter by his first wife (Agnes). A copy of this will was found in the Cuyahoga County Archives.</span><br /><br /><center style="font-weight: bold; font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size:130%;">MY WILL</span></center><div style="text-align: justify;"> In the name of my Creator I Thomas Stubbs of Cleveland Ohio United State of America, do make & publish my last will and testament. I give and bequeath to my beloved wife, all my property in money, notes, and household furniture that may be owned by me at the time of my decease, during her natural life. She however selling so much thereof as may be sufficient to pay my just debts. At the death of my said wife whatever may remain unconsumed and unexpended, I give and devise equally between my children, James E. Stubbs & his heirs, Robert N. Stubbs and his heirs, Jabez B. Stubbs & his heirs, and my stepdaughter Jane B. Miles. If however either of those children should die, before the decease of my wife, then the said property thus bequeathed shall be equally divided to the children then living, with the exception of John Stubbs. I give and bequeath to my son John Stubbs my Farm situated in Middleburg township Cuyahoga County Ohio, containing fifty and three-fourths acres of land; provided said John Stubbs gives up all claims or title to any other property of which I or his mother die possessed and the farm shall not be sold, or any portion of it, until my wife's decease. And after John Stubbs' decease then the farm shall be sold, and one half, of its value shall be bequested to Maria Stubbs, John's wife, and her heirs, and the other half of its value shall be bequeathed to Robert N. Stubbs and his heirs. If my wife should not survive me, then the property shall be equally divided, to my remaining children & step daughter Jane B. Miles, with the exception of John Stubbs, as he has the farm. At the final settlement after my wife's death, each shall give off their share to the children of Edward Fankell: John Stubbs ($100) one hundred dollars. James E. Stubbs ($100) one hundred dollars. R.N. Stubbs ($100) one hundred dollars. and Jane B. Miles ($100) one hundred dollars. which I bequeath to Mary Fankell and to Charles Fankell, to be equally divided between them. I do hereby appoint my son James E. Stubbs as the sole executor of my last will and testament. Hereby authorizing and empowering him to compromise, adjust, release and discharge in such manner as he may deem property, the debts & claims due me in testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal this 26th day of August 1873.<br /></div> <div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Thomas Stubbs (seal)</span><br /></div><div style="text-align: right;"> In our presence: J.D. Johnson and W.W. Williams</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2607074022889582847.post-63915623455823409912012-02-01T12:22:00.002-05:002012-02-01T12:24:09.901-05:00Letter from J.B. to his brother John StubbsPanama Sept 16th [1862]<br /><br />Dear Bro,<br /> You have gone and done it. I was a little surprised when Jane wrote and told me you had gone. And still I wasn't much surprised. for I knew you had been burning to go since the war commenced. I have been waiting to get an address so I could write you but I have not heard and I will not wait any longer. but trust to luck for it to get to you. I am proud to think that one of the Stubbs family has had patriotism enough to fight for his glorious country. Our folks feel bad about your going as your health is so poor. I am in hopes however in that respect it will be a help to you and that you will return a strong man. How do you like it so far and where are you. in what company and under what Captain. Write and give me all the news. I had letters from Jim & Newt a few days ago. James is making preparations to go to Philadelphia about the first of Oct. his health is not very good. Newt is about as usual. I received a letter from Jane last week she was in Cleveland. she is going to Edenburg before she returns home. The people in Pennsylvania are getting pretty will arroused. people are making to arms to defend their own state. there was a Co. of Minute men went through here on the cars this afternoon, it was going to Harrisburg. They are having War meetings all over the state and organizing malitia. We received the news of McClellans victory at Hagerston and it has made the people go jubilent. Where will Maria and Newt stay while you are away. on the farm. did you sell your cattle before leaving. My health is very good. Much better than it has been before in some years. I weigh about 15 pounds more than I did when I came here. Have a good deal of business now days. shipped a good deal of stock and lots of [?] I dont think I will remain in this office more t han two or three weeks longer. think I shall have an office further West. Hope I shall for I am above tired living here in this room. If you get this letter, please answer as soon as you can and give me all the news. I must close.<br /> Your Affectionate Bro<br /> JB Stubbs<br /><br />Direct to JB Stubbs, Broken Straw, Chautauqua Co., Ny<br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">(This letter was saved with the rest of John Stubbs' Civil War letters to his parents or wife. Apparently, this letter never reached John.)</span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2607074022889582847.post-2086216755179132242012-02-01T12:06:00.001-05:002012-02-01T12:08:33.891-05:00Obituary for Jabez B. Stubbs<div style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:85%;">The Cleveland Plain Dealer (September 20, 1913)</span><br /><br />J.B. STUBBS FALLS DEAD, HEART TIRING<br /></div><div style="text-align: center;">Retired Manufacturer Drops While Talking Business in Williamson Building<br />Wife and Daughter Race to Cleveland in Fast Auto<br /></div><br /> A half hour after he had arrived in Cleveland from Saegerstown, Pa. yesterday morning, Jabez B. Stubbs, 1911 E. 84th-st, well known retired manufacturer, fell dead in a chair in the offices of V. C. Taylor & Son, real estate dealers, 508 Williamson building. He was talking to Mr. V.C. Taylor when he dropped.<br /> Dr. Frank E. Bunts, 222 Osborn building, was summoned. He said death was due to heart trouble. H.C. Warner, broker, 1911 E. 84th-st, a son-in-law, was notified, and the body was taken to the J.H. Brown undertaking establishment, 2007 Prospect-av S.E.<br /> Until his retirement six years ago, Stubbs was vice president of the Struthers Furnace Co., with offices at 1106 Citizens building. He held his interest in the firm until his death.<br /> Stubbs was born in Poland, O., on Nov. 17, 1841, and started his career as a railroad telegraph operator. He was moved to Chicago, where he met W.G. Runyon, now president of the Struthers Furnace Co.<br /> A short time after they met they organized a commission business, dealing in steel, pig iron and coal, under the name of Stubbs & Runyon, and later organized the Luther Tyle Coal Co. of Chicago, which controlled many coal properties throughout Illinois.<br /> Stubbs and Runyon came to Cleveland in 1895, and with F.L. Mack, they organized the firm of Stubbs, Runyon & Mack, which was later reorganized as the Struthers Furnace Co.<br /> Stubbs is survived by his widow, Mrs. Sarah Stubbs, formerly Miss Sarah Hickok of Painesville, O.; a daughter, Mrs. H.C. Warner; a sister [jg: this is wrong, it is his daughter-in-law], Mrs. W.C. Stubbs of Highland Park, Ill.; and two brothers, Dr. J.E. Stubbs of Chicago, and Rev. Newton C. Stubbs [jg: this is obviously R. Newton] of Cattaraugus, N.Y.<br /> His father was a well known Methodist minister in Ohio, and was in charge of churches in Cleveland many years ago.<br /> The funeral will be from Wade Memorial Church, and interment will be at Lakeview cemetery.<br /> Mrs. Stubbs, accompanied by her daughter, Mrs. H.C. Warner, left Saegerstown for Cleveland last night in a fast automobile.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2607074022889582847.post-36073034126951660292012-02-01T11:53:00.001-05:002012-02-01T11:55:02.686-05:00Obituary for Dr. James Elwood Stubbs<div style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">The Illinois Medical Journal, 1916<br /></div><br />DEATHS. JAMES ELWOOD STUBBS, M.D., Chicago; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1864; aged 78; a member of the Illinois State Medical Society and Physicians' Club of Chicago; formerly professor of theory and practice of medicine in the Harvey Medical College Chicago; died at his home, June 15, from cerebral hemorrhage.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;">(Continued on pages 209-10.)<br /></div>DR. JAMES E. STUBBS<br /><br />In the demise of Dr. J.E. Stubbs the medical world lost a splendid practitioner, and humanity, a noble benefactor.<br /><br />It is the old, old story coming up through the pangs of fighting one's way through college, standing at last in the great world where great events chase each other, and the door opens to the brave man. He was an enthusiast in his profession. His patient must be saved at any cost. To him humanity was above price, and many a struggling family has cause to bless him for the unpresented bill.<br /><br />A careful student he was in his profession. His rich medical library and his support of medical journals attest his devotion to his calling. He was posted and progressive. New theories did not sweep him off his feet. What he adopted had been carefully weighed; nor was he slow to discontinue an idea because it, for the time, was unpopular.<br /><br />He was state medical examiner for Illinois for the Royal Arcanum for nearly twenty-five years.<br /><br />Men are apt to be narrowed by their professions, especially if they are enthusiasts. Not so with him. There were so many qualities rich and generous that made him brother to all men. A lover of nature, nay, a devout worshipper of earth's grandeurs, for many years his vacations were spent in western Colorado, mountain climbing and trouting. Those crags and peaks will miss his bold climbing. Yet behind mountain grandeur and lovely scenery he found a resting place in the All-Father.<br /><br />How he could be an omnivorous reader surprises one. His library is graced with biography, travel, history, noblest fiction, with which he was most familiar.<br /><br />The great questions that affected his fellows made him an enthusiastic student, and where any were to be settled by ballot, he conscientiously gave his vote for the betterment of the race.<br /><br />His home was all in all to him, and if anything earthly can be called paradise, that described the life within the walls of his habitation.<br /><br />For many years the cross statements of Bible students made him restless, but he struck the happy truth that God is outside of the Bible, while He may inspire it, and like a good God, He is giving His life to uplift humanity. There he rested.<br /><br />For many years he was a member of a scientific club, in which he took an active part.<br /><br />For fifty-two years his office was open, an though oft with faltering step, he was there to hear the call of the suffering. When he obeyed the last call his friends, devoted and loving, covered him with myriads of flowers he loved so well.<br /><br />A member of the Phi Gamma Delta, cherished by its members, six stalwart youths bore his noble form to its last resting place.<br /><br />Member of the Chicago Medical Society, Royal League, Royal Avenue Congregational Church, Plymouth.<br /><br />CONTRIBUTED.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2607074022889582847.post-76200721899146474822012-02-01T10:34:00.001-05:002012-02-01T10:36:16.467-05:00Obituary for Benjamin F. Wade<span style="font-style: italic;">Written by R. N. Stubbs. Taken from "Memoirs of Deceased Preachers," Erie Conference Journal and Yearbook, 1911, pages 119-121.<br /><br /></span>Rev. Benjamin F. Wade was born in June, 1835, at Bristolville, Ohio, where he resided till he entered the Erie Conference in 1863. He passed away at the home of his son Frank, in Cleveland, Oct. 14, 1910. He was one of a class of twenty-three, the largest ever admitted to the Conference, seventeen of whom have passed over the river two are still in the active service. In 1858 he married Harriet A. Clark of Southington, Ohio, a lovely character, and most efficient co-laborer in all his active ministry. To this union was born one son, active in the church in Cleveland. Mrs. Wade died at Chautauqua Sept. 2, 1899, and was buried at Portland. In July. 1906, Brother Wade married Mrs. Prudence Haughton, a most estimable woman of Southington, whom he had known from boyhood. She ministered to him faithfully, and was his noble companion the remainder of his days. Brother Wade’s charges were Claridon, O.; Hendersonville. Pa.; Hudson, Charlestown, Tailmadge, Edinburg, Bedford, 0.; Edinboro, Waterford, Pa.; Randolph. Little Valley, Mayville, Portland, N. Y.; Millerstown. Evansburg, Millvillage, Girard, Pa., and Portland, N. Y. He came in the days when fierce discussions were raging. In his youth he was familiar with the men who were persecuted for liberty. His uncle “Ben,” familiarly called, was one of the strong personalities in Northern Ohio, rough he was, but mighty in halls of legislation. Growing up amid such clashing of intellectual and moral forces, his very soul was permeated with the spirit of a new age. Not that he was a battler, but the elements of strength and nobility were strongly marked. There are placid faces, sweet faces, beautiful faces, may be winsome, vet express nothing, have no outlines, no virility, no passion for humanity. Tall, erect, slender, he stood like a pillar supporting great things; wiry, graceful, he seemed meet for the struggles, battles, toils of a long life; a scholar of no mean attainments, he was equipped for the questions of church and state, thoroughly furnished for every good word and work. He had not so much the skill of growing roses in his sermons as he possessed the art of handling great thoughts and truths; stronger, than winsome. There were no empty gold plates on his table. His people never lacked the substantials of the gospel. Shams did not grow in his dooryard. When a certain doctor was growing rich in his publications and mysterious “heal everything,” he pricked the bubble of his greatness, and publications and mystery and doctor disappeared from view. The truths of redemption were grasped and forcefully presented. Not a prophet heralding “maybes;” not a dweller in the good old past, just a plodder, just a digger, just minting the coin of the kingdom, just living in the heart of God day by day: just a plain, everyday honest, strong, noble-minded son of God; just a true, loving father; just such a husband as a wife loves and honors and trusts; just such a friend as holds through thick and thin; just such a pastor as people long remember for his Godlikeness. He was a sturdy financier for the church. He was scrupulously exacting to the church property. A country church down at the heels is a plague-spot, an eyesore; but a neat, well-kept house of God is a perpetual inspiration to cheer and hope. The gospel can be in the house as well as in the pulpit. “Mine” and “thine” in the preacher make bold outlines in the laity. When a man’s word is slipshod, all the roses that smile and breathe perfume will not hide the defect. When a man grows loose-jointed in his make-up, his church will be wabbly. From within his sanctuaries went many a strong character to enrich the centers of life in the cities. There is more depending on the country parson than on the city, because city churches are absorbing the country life. His life centered in a gem, shines out to all of us. ‘‘Toil on, brother, there are golden harvests. Look up, brother, God is overhead. All the bright things are in the sky. Darkness, doubt are underneath.<br /><br />When the day is done thou wilt find no night, but home, and God’s eternal day.” Brother Wade was laid to rest in the beautiful cemetery at Portland, N. Y., where he twice served as pastor. It was golden autumn day. Many friends and old parishioners were present. The Rev. H. H. Clare, pastor at Portland, had charge of the funeral service; the Rev. R. C. Smith and the Rev. R. N. Stubbs, classmates, assisted. After a few appropriate remarks by the writer, an impressive burial service, we turned again to the building of the kingdom.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2607074022889582847.post-41004739539405126742012-01-09T14:20:00.003-05:002012-01-09T14:23:28.843-05:00Memory Album Inscription by Rev. Thomas Stubbs<span style="font-style: italic;">The following is a copy of what Thomas wrote on a page of someone's album.</span><br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">A ROSE FOR MELLISSA'S BOUQUET</span><br /></span></div><br />"You have presented to me your Album for to write a few sentences as a remembrance of me. Anciently an Album was a kind of white table, or registrar, in which the names of certain magistrates, public transactions &c were entered. From that it changed into a kind of common place book, found in places of ??? --- as Niagara Falls, ??? ??? Hotel--- some ??? to use for strangers & visitors to write their names, with a motto accompanying them. But now it is more like the representation of a Bouquet of flowers, one brings a dalia, another a Lilly, a third a Pink, untill your boquet becomes large & varied & beautiful & fragrant, representing those persons who placed them there. And though far away from you, they are the living flowers, beautiful & sweet. The flower that I place here, I will call it a Rose to remind you, not so much of me, as that flower which is the fairest amongst ten thousand, the alltogether lovely, the Rose of Sharon. Melissa what then so beautiful as a flower. In the delicacy of its form, the elegance of its colours --- and the exquisiteness of its fragrance. But O what an emblem of youth & its dangers too. Nipt by the chilling wind, or plucked by ??? hand, or trodden under foot by the careless passerby --- so it is with man. Thou art a flower and may thou shed around thee the fragrance of piety & virtue & whatsoever is pure and of good report. .And when the period of thy flowering and bringing forth flowers in this wilderness terminates, may the Heavenly Gardener transplant thee into that clime where the flowers never wither, never droop, never die."<br /></div><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Your Pastor, Thomas Stubbs<br /><br /></span><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-style: italic;">[Transcribed by Mary Lewis/Gr Gr Granddaughter] </span></div></div><div style="text-align: right;"> </div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2607074022889582847.post-7000961347584048442012-01-09T13:23:00.003-05:002012-01-09T13:46:01.489-05:00Thomas Stubbs: A Short BiographyThe following account is a short biographical sketch taken from <span style="font-style: italic;">"The History of the Erie Conference, Volume 1, Pages 652-54, by Rev. J.N. Fradenburgh, published in 1907 by Derrick Publishing Co.</span><b><br /></b><br /><br />"Thomas Stubbs was born in Kendal England, in 1801. He was employed as a local preacher until he came to America in May, 1832. Landing in New York at the time conference was in session he presented his credentials to the bishop. He was accepted and appointed as junior preacher on a circuit on Long Island. When he found he was appointed as a single man, he went to the bishop and explained that he had a family. It was too late to remedy the case. The bishop asked, "What was your plan in coming to this country?" Thomas' reply was "I had heard of the great State of Ohio, and thought I would make my way there. The bishop said "All right, Our conference meets in July and I will give you a letter to the presiding bishop."<br /><br />The family made their way over the Erie Canal to Buffalo and by steamer to Cleveland. When on the canal a man from Ohio seemed to take a great interest in the little group of strangers. They struck up an acquaintance. Found they were all Methodists. The preacher told his story, and the gentleman, .Mr. Redfield, from Ohio. said: "Come to my house and live till conference." On reaching Cleveland the family was left on the beach at the mouth of the Cuyahoga. They made a hollow square of their goods, and slept all night to the music of the waves. The next day they were on their way to Akron by canal. Reaching their destination they found Mr. Redfield with teams to take them and their goods to Atwater.<br /><br />It was soon noised that a preacher had come and he was kept busy by the presiding elder till the session of the Pittsburg Conference, in July 1832, when he began his active ministry. It was in the days of six-week and four-week circuits, and saddle-bags-and Indian trails, and swimming rivers -log houses and barns for churches. All of the Western Reserve was familiar with his form. and listened to his eloquence. Lawrence and Mercer Counties delighted in his ministrations. In 1836 the Erie Conference was formed and he was one of the charter members. In 1846 he was appointed to Erie. Then followed Cleveland, Ravenna, Cuyahoga Falls, Cleveland, Painesville, Akron, Meadville, Chagrin Falls, Titusville, Warren, Pa. Then on account of his wife's health he remained supernumerary till his decease in 1884, though he served Newburg, East Cleveland, Ashtabula and the Bethel. From -1870 to 1884 he preached frequently in all the churches of all denominations in the City of Cleveland.<br /><br />On his 81st birthday he preached in his son's pulpit at Forestville, New York, a sermon full of animation, vigor, thought and eloquence. He was full of buoyancy, sunshine, animation, poetical in fancy, by John Bain called "Old Man Eloquent." He was a revivalist. He never served a charge where he did not have a revival, some of them notable. Some of the most magnificent scenes ever witnessed were altar scenes at Painesville, Akron and Meadville. At Akron one Sunday evening he startled his congregation by saying: "Brethren, we are going to have a revival and you will have to knock out this end of the church and build larger." One of the good members came to him and said: "How dare you say such a thing? We haven't had a revival in years." But the revival came and laid the foundation of the modern church. The revival in Meadville has, perhaps, never been surpassed in the history of that church. It had a mighty grip on students and townspeople.<br /><br />Thomas Stubbs had all the graces of a true orator. His personnel was, impressive, his voice was music, chaste and elegant in diction; rich in imagination, a prose poet, brainy as an egg is full of meat, bold in his utterances, loving liberty as his soul and sublime at times in his flights of eloquence."<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-style: italic;">[Transcribed by Mary Lewis/Gr Gr Granddaughter] </span><br /></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2607074022889582847.post-76143123547870358112012-01-09T13:18:00.002-05:002012-01-09T13:22:44.295-05:00'Thomas Stubbs' by Rev. Samuel Gregg<span style="font-style: italic;">A short story about Rev. Thomas Stubbs from "History of Methodism : Erie Conference, Vol. I, Page 293" by Rev. Samuel Gregg.</span><br /><br /> "Rev. Thomas Stubbs, second preacher on the Chardon Circuit, was born, educated, converted to God, and licensed to preach in England.<br /> <br />On coming to this country he moved west to Ohio, where he united with the Methodist Episcopal Church, and being recommended to the Pittsburgh Conference, was admitted on trial in 1832, and into full connection and ordained a deacon in 1834, and an elder by the Erie Conference in 1836.<br /> <br />Mr. Stubbs was a middling sized man, well proportioned, very gentlemanly and agreeable, and possessed a fine imagination, with a warm, glowing heart, which enabled him to move the feelings of an audience sometimes to tears and at others to joy, and generally leaving them both interested and profited.<br /> <br />In 1848 he was stationed at the First M.E. church, located on the corner of St. Clair and Wood streets. During his two years' ministry, the church was greatly prospered. There, as everywhere, large revivals prevailed.<br /> <br />From 1854 to 1857 he had charge of the Erie street church, which has since removed to another part of the city, and the Mission located on East St. Clair.<br /> <br />In 1866, on account of his wife's health, he located in Cleveland, West Side, where he resided the remainder of his life. During this time he served East Cleveland, Ashtabula and the Bethel. For a few years he was not in charge, yet he was vigorous in body and mind, preaching in various pulpits to the delight of the people. He was catholic in spirit, and beloved by all denominations. He was a man of rare mental gifts--of a poetical temperament--of noble thought--a great lover of nature and his fellow men. In his prime no man in his conference surpassed him in eloquence.<br /> He was a most ardent lover of his adopted country, and his voice rung out for the slave when it took nerve and courage, and when the applause often came in rotten eggs and stones. The war for the Union waked his eloquence and enthusiasm, and in the darkest hours his inspiring voice gave hope to the people. He had great power over men in attaching them to him personally. Friends once, friends always. Beloved by all who knew him; a man of remarkable purity of character and life, traits that shone in his benevolent and winning face, and exemplified in his walk and conversation. Of more than ordinary ability, clear and vigorous in mind, original as a thinker, fluent, graceful and powerful as a speaker, his discourses abounded in beautiful figures and bright, poetic fancies. Coupled with a brilliant mind was a big heart, that found expression in charity and kindness, which will endear him to thousands all over his extensive field of labor.<br /> <br />When eighty, he was able to walk ten miles. When eighty-one, he preached a sermon in his son's pulpit that, for enthusiasm and buoyancy, would have done credit to a young man--that for noble thought and elevation of sentiment would have honored a man in his prime. The grasp of his mind ceased only as he ceased to breathe."<br /><br style="font-style: italic;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-style: italic;">[Transcribed by Mary Lewis/Gr Gr Granddaughter] </span><br /></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2607074022889582847.post-36208039770322978912010-04-18T15:51:00.004-04:002010-04-20T12:46:24.727-04:00Children of William and Jane Bird Kellett<br>To the best of our knowledge, William and Jane only had three children. A son, known only by a reference to his returning from a sea voyage and leaving again, never to be seen again. Ellen Kellett, christened in Leyland, Lancashire, England, on 23 May 1794. She married Joseph Seddon in Leyland on 07 Feb 1814. I don't know who raised her, or why Mary and Thomas never spoke of her. Perhaps Mary never knew about her. The third child was our Mary Kellett (married to gggGrandfather Thomas Stubbs), Christened in Leyland on 04 May 1798. She was born 14 April 1798, but Jane's OUR MOTHER letter states that Mary told her daughter that she was born in the village of Shap in Westmorland (near Appleby, where she was raised). Mary was fostered to Thomas & Hannah Farrer in Appleby, but there's no doubt that she was Christened in Leyland. That's one of the stumbling blocks in this story. Both Ellen and Mary were Christened as children of Jane Kellett. No mention of William. Another dead end, for now.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2607074022889582847.post-2037215003818148712010-04-16T11:17:00.008-04:002010-04-20T12:46:01.192-04:00Marriage of William Kellett and Jane Bird<br><div style="text-align: justify;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgl1OLgNgYSLPA5vxfHlA0o4986HzjpQ_fVJgQM062WI-FvZO5-x-DO-Ii79InJ5A8LiqPNLG1Cgt_6jeVyK_VC37mG3dyvoYECrfEgau3C288iZY4PXhN_dW4gbcsxWkNg6LQn8Y3X92H3/s1600/St.+Michael+Barton.JPG"><img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 260px; height: 196px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgl1OLgNgYSLPA5vxfHlA0o4986HzjpQ_fVJgQM062WI-FvZO5-x-DO-Ii79InJ5A8LiqPNLG1Cgt_6jeVyK_VC37mG3dyvoYECrfEgau3C288iZY4PXhN_dW4gbcsxWkNg6LQn8Y3X92H3/s320/St.+Michael+Barton.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5462258967700463170" border="0" /></a>On July 8, 1792, in the Barton parish church of St. Michael, William Kellett married Jane Bird. Sarah Robinson and William Bird witnessed the marriage. William, of Newton Parish, was 22 years old, but Jane was still a minor (under 21). According to the stories told by her daughter, Jane's "near relatives" disowned her for marrying "beneath her station". I haven't found a Newton parish yet, but I'm still looking. William was from the Cartmel area of Lancashire County, but the parish register usually noted the county when it was different than Westmorland. I, also, don't know who those "near relatives" of Jane's were. I'm still looking . . .<br /></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2607074022889582847.post-68526133233339108982010-04-14T13:18:00.012-04:002010-04-20T12:54:48.035-04:00The Birds of Brougham<br>No feathers or wings here, although we do have a nest. Right now, I'm up to my neck in research for the parentage of my ggggGrandmother, Jane Bird. She married William Kellett in 1792, in Barton, Westmorland, England, and was disowned by her "near relatives" for marrying "beneath her station". Her Uncle Bird in Scotland claimed to have proofs of rightful ownership to part of the estate of James Bird, but that's another mystery. Unfortunately, I have to work on both things, or there is no hope at all of finding her parents. So, back to 1726, when a daughter and two granddaughters sold the "Bird's Nest" (aka Brougham Hall) to John Brougham---possibly against the entailment of the estate in James' will. See you there . . .<br /><div style="text-align: left;"><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgu69F4ypaeOAtgB_xEFywo0eLzH6RNaEE4u_60-A1MjQFb-D-xVOYBOuje9nTOS2Zvr51I2F1kOe7iLy5nRCEja5Wg1XbCr_hsHKVa1JD1WhjEuqZDUq4amvIO4mXffX0VH3XNmlGLzrPs/s1600/1832+Brougham+Hall+illus.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; cursor: pointer; width: 392px; height: 220px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgu69F4ypaeOAtgB_xEFywo0eLzH6RNaEE4u_60-A1MjQFb-D-xVOYBOuje9nTOS2Zvr51I2F1kOe7iLy5nRCEja5Wg1XbCr_hsHKVa1JD1WhjEuqZDUq4amvIO4mXffX0VH3XNmlGLzrPs/s320/1832+Brougham+Hall+illus.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5462262841441447138" border="0" /></a></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0